Collected all tweets from a 12-day period from when Florence first formed until remnants left the... more Collected all tweets from a 12-day period from when Florence first formed until remnants left the U.S. Tweets were collected using Twitter API searching for keywords of wind and water threats that co-occurred in the same tweet. Search terms included the following: ((tornado OR #tornado OR \"funnel cloud\" OR funnelcloud) (\"flash flood\" OR flood OR flashflood OR \"storm surge\" OR stormsurge)). Tweets were classified into three categories: public user (e.g. seeking information and sharing personal experience), authoritative user (e.g. sharing information but not personal information), or other (e.g. private or deleted accounts and bots). Tweets were classified into three categories: public user, authoritative user, or other. After classification, Twitter was re queried via the API to collect contextual tweet streams (entire user history) for the 12-day period for public and authoritative users. As January 2021, the dataset contains 60,007 tweets from 1...
Sarkar, D. & Anderson, J. (2021). Community interactions in OSM editing In: Minghini, M., Ludwing... more Sarkar, D. & Anderson, J. (2021). Community interactions in OSM editing In: Minghini, M., Ludwing, C., Anderson, J., Mooney, P., Grinberger, A.Y. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Academic Track at the State of the Map 2021 Online Conference, July 09-11 2021, 6-8. Available at https://zenodo.org/communities/sotm-2021
Veselovsky, V., Sarkar, D., Anderson, J. & Soden, R. (2021). An automated approach to identifying... more Veselovsky, V., Sarkar, D., Anderson, J. & Soden, R. (2021). An automated approach to identifying corporate editing activity in OSM In: Minghini, M., Ludwig, C., Anderson, J., Mooney, P., Grinberger, A.Y. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Academic Track at the State of the Map 2021 Online Conference, July 09-11 2021, 31-33. Available at https://zenodo.org/communities/sotm-2021
Grinberger, A.Y., Anderson, J., Mooney, P., Ludwig, C. & Minghini, M. (2021). OpenStreetMap as a ... more Grinberger, A.Y., Anderson, J., Mooney, P., Ludwig, C. & Minghini, M. (2021). OpenStreetMap as a multi-faceted research subject: the academic track at State of the Map 2021 In: Minghini, M., Ludwig, C., Anderson, J., Mooney, P., Grinberger, A.Y. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Academic Track at the State of the Map 2021 Online Conference, July 09-11 2021, 1-5. Available at https://zenodo.org/communities/sotm-2021
Anderson, J. and Sarkar, D. (2020). Curious Cases of Corporations in OpenStreetMap In: Minghini, ... more Anderson, J. and Sarkar, D. (2020). Curious Cases of Corporations in OpenStreetMap In: Minghini, M., Coetzee, S., Juhász, L., Yeboah, G., Mooney, P., Grinberger, A.Y. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Academic Track at the State of the Map 2020 Online Conference, July 4-5 2020. Available at https://zenodo.org/communities/sotm-2020
Li, Y. & Anderson, J. (2021). Introducing OpenStreetMap user embeddings: Promising steps toward a... more Li, Y. & Anderson, J. (2021). Introducing OpenStreetMap user embeddings: Promising steps toward automated vandalism and community detection In: Minghini, M., Ludwig, C., Anderson, J., Mooney, P., Grinberger, A.Y. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Academic Track at the State of the Map 2021 Online Conference, July 09-11 2021, 23-26. Available at https://zenodo.org/communities/sotm-2021
Anderson et al. (2019). Corporate Editors in the Evolving Landscape of OpenStreetMap: A Close Inv... more Anderson et al. (2019). Corporate Editors in the Evolving Landscape of OpenStreetMap: A Close Investigation of the Impact to the Map & Community In: Minghini, M., Grinberger, A.Y., Juhász, L., Yeboah, G., Mooney, P. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Academic Track at the State of the Map 2019, 17-18. Heidelberg, Germany, September 21-23, 2019. Available at https://zenodo.org/communities/sotm-2019 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3387693
OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a volunteer-driven, globally distributed organization whose members work t... more OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a volunteer-driven, globally distributed organization whose members work to create a common digital map of the world. OSM embraces ideals of open data, and to that end innovates both socially and technically to develop practices and processes for coordinated operation. This paper provides a brief history of OSM and then, through quantitative and qualitative examination of the OSM database and other sites of articulation work, examines organizational growth through the lens of two catastrophes that spurred enormous humanitarian relief responses—the 2010 Haiti Earthquake and the 2013 Typhoon Yolanda. The temporally- and geographically- constrained events scope analysis for what is a rapidly maturing, whole-planet operation. The first disaster identified how OSM could support other organizations responding to the event. However, to achieve this, OSM has had to refine mechanisms of collaboration around map creation, which were tested again in Typhoon Yolanda. The ...
When a hazard such as a hurricane threatens, people are forced to make a wide variety of decision... more When a hazard such as a hurricane threatens, people are forced to make a wide variety of decisions, and the information they receive and produce can influence their own and others’ actions. As social media grows more popular, an increasing number of people are using social media platforms to obtain and share information about approaching threats and discuss their interpretations of the threat and their protective decisions. This work aims to improve understanding of natural disasters through social media and provide an annotation scheme to identify themes in user’s social media behavior and facilitate efforts in supervised machine learning. To that end, this work has three contributions: (1) the creation of an annotation scheme to consistently identify hazard-related themes in Twitter, (2) an overview of agreement rates and difficulties in identifying annotation categories, and (3) a public release of both the dataset and guidelines developed from this scheme.
This honors thesis focuses on Cryptography, Data Compression, and the link between the two in mod... more This honors thesis focuses on Cryptography, Data Compression, and the link between the two in modern applications. Beginning with the notion that a link could exist due to the similar structure of the general methods, chapters individually explore the processes. An analysis of classical cryptography starts in the classical age and describes methods used until World War II. Shifting to modern computer implementations, the call for National standards introduced a new generation of consumer computer based cryptographic methods that needed to be strong enough for world-wide use. Switching focus to data compression, compression methods from the 1950s through current day are explored and demonstrated. Ultimately, the original question is answered by accepting that a link does exist, but not in the form of a combination it was originally thought to be. Rather, when used in series: compression then encryption, the compression adds to the overall security of the data and yields a smaller enc...
When Hurricane Sandy swept over the US eastern seaboard in October 2012, it was the most tweeted ... more When Hurricane Sandy swept over the US eastern seaboard in October 2012, it was the most tweeted about event at the time. However, some of the most affected areas were underrepresented in the social media conversation about Sandy. Here, we examine the hurricane-related experiences and behaviors shared on Twitter by residents of Far Rockaway, a New York City neighborhood that is geographically and socioeconomically vulnerable to disasters, which was significantly affected by the storm. By carefully filtering the vast Twitter data, we focus on 41 Far Rockaway residents who offer rich personal accounts of their experience with Sandy. Analyzing their first-person narratives, we see risk perception and protective decision-making behavior in their data. We also find themes of invisibility and neglect when residents expressed feeling abandoned by the media, the city government, and the overall relief efforts in the aftermath of Sandy.
OpenStreetMap (OSM), often thought of as a technological tool or platform, can be envisioned as a... more OpenStreetMap (OSM), often thought of as a technological tool or platform, can be envisioned as a community of communities and informed by a broad understanding of geographical systems. In this article, we explore the community of university students known as YouthMappers, who utilize OSM and related tools for humanitarian data creation, analysis and learning. Students approach OSM simultaneously as aspiring members of the workforce in a global digital economy and as emerging world citizens of a global society. Established in 2014, YouthMappers is a campus-based consortium of more than 200 chapters in approximately 50 countries that networks and supports engagement in humanitarian data with practitioners, government agencies, and other actors. Open geospatial data are contributed to authentic campaigns through OpenStreetMap and an ecosystem of open source and proprietary tools. A 2019 survey of YouthMappers and an analysis of YouthMappers data contributions allow us to explore the following questions: Who are using open geospatial tools, and in what context? Which open geospatial tools are being used and where? How proficient are they as users? How confident do they feel? How prepared does this make them for the future? How do these patterns vary across the global digital divide? Results show evidence of mapping both locally and globally. They also reveal a gendered confidence gap, and tool use patterns hint at a gendered division of geospatial labor in some global contexts. Internships are key to unlocking job opportunities, and are prevalent among YouthMappers members. Findings also reveal that with growing self-reported proficiency, a commitment to the ethic of being a good global citizen increases, underscoring the potential promise for open geospatial tools to support not only workforce capacity, but also meaningful connections to learning about geography, place, people, and the world.
In the past 10 years, the collaborative maps of OpenStreetMap (OSM) have been used to support hum... more In the past 10 years, the collaborative maps of OpenStreetMap (OSM) have been used to support humanitarian efforts around the world as well as to fill important data gaps for implementing major development frameworks such as the Sustainable Development Goals. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the evolution of humanitarian mapping within the OSM community, seeking to understand the spatial and temporal footprint of these large-scale mapping efforts. The spatio-temporal statistical analysis of OSM’s full history since 2008 showed that humanitarian mapping efforts added 60.5 million buildings and 4.5 million roads to the map. Overall, mapping in OSM was strongly biased towards regions with very high Human Development Index. However, humanitarian mapping efforts had a different footprint, predominantly focused on regions with medium and low human development. Despite these efforts, regions with low and medium human development only accounted for 28% of the buildings and ...
Collected all tweets from a 12-day period from when Florence first formed until remnants left the... more Collected all tweets from a 12-day period from when Florence first formed until remnants left the U.S. Tweets were collected using Twitter API searching for keywords of wind and water threats that co-occurred in the same tweet. Search terms included the following: ((tornado OR #tornado OR \"funnel cloud\" OR funnelcloud) (\"flash flood\" OR flood OR flashflood OR \"storm surge\" OR stormsurge)). Tweets were classified into three categories: public user (e.g. seeking information and sharing personal experience), authoritative user (e.g. sharing information but not personal information), or other (e.g. private or deleted accounts and bots). Tweets were classified into three categories: public user, authoritative user, or other. After classification, Twitter was re queried via the API to collect contextual tweet streams (entire user history) for the 12-day period for public and authoritative users. As January 2021, the dataset contains 60,007 tweets from 1...
Sarkar, D. & Anderson, J. (2021). Community interactions in OSM editing In: Minghini, M., Ludwing... more Sarkar, D. & Anderson, J. (2021). Community interactions in OSM editing In: Minghini, M., Ludwing, C., Anderson, J., Mooney, P., Grinberger, A.Y. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Academic Track at the State of the Map 2021 Online Conference, July 09-11 2021, 6-8. Available at https://zenodo.org/communities/sotm-2021
Veselovsky, V., Sarkar, D., Anderson, J. & Soden, R. (2021). An automated approach to identifying... more Veselovsky, V., Sarkar, D., Anderson, J. & Soden, R. (2021). An automated approach to identifying corporate editing activity in OSM In: Minghini, M., Ludwig, C., Anderson, J., Mooney, P., Grinberger, A.Y. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Academic Track at the State of the Map 2021 Online Conference, July 09-11 2021, 31-33. Available at https://zenodo.org/communities/sotm-2021
Grinberger, A.Y., Anderson, J., Mooney, P., Ludwig, C. & Minghini, M. (2021). OpenStreetMap as a ... more Grinberger, A.Y., Anderson, J., Mooney, P., Ludwig, C. & Minghini, M. (2021). OpenStreetMap as a multi-faceted research subject: the academic track at State of the Map 2021 In: Minghini, M., Ludwig, C., Anderson, J., Mooney, P., Grinberger, A.Y. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Academic Track at the State of the Map 2021 Online Conference, July 09-11 2021, 1-5. Available at https://zenodo.org/communities/sotm-2021
Anderson, J. and Sarkar, D. (2020). Curious Cases of Corporations in OpenStreetMap In: Minghini, ... more Anderson, J. and Sarkar, D. (2020). Curious Cases of Corporations in OpenStreetMap In: Minghini, M., Coetzee, S., Juhász, L., Yeboah, G., Mooney, P., Grinberger, A.Y. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Academic Track at the State of the Map 2020 Online Conference, July 4-5 2020. Available at https://zenodo.org/communities/sotm-2020
Li, Y. & Anderson, J. (2021). Introducing OpenStreetMap user embeddings: Promising steps toward a... more Li, Y. & Anderson, J. (2021). Introducing OpenStreetMap user embeddings: Promising steps toward automated vandalism and community detection In: Minghini, M., Ludwig, C., Anderson, J., Mooney, P., Grinberger, A.Y. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Academic Track at the State of the Map 2021 Online Conference, July 09-11 2021, 23-26. Available at https://zenodo.org/communities/sotm-2021
Anderson et al. (2019). Corporate Editors in the Evolving Landscape of OpenStreetMap: A Close Inv... more Anderson et al. (2019). Corporate Editors in the Evolving Landscape of OpenStreetMap: A Close Investigation of the Impact to the Map & Community In: Minghini, M., Grinberger, A.Y., Juhász, L., Yeboah, G., Mooney, P. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Academic Track at the State of the Map 2019, 17-18. Heidelberg, Germany, September 21-23, 2019. Available at https://zenodo.org/communities/sotm-2019 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3387693
OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a volunteer-driven, globally distributed organization whose members work t... more OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a volunteer-driven, globally distributed organization whose members work to create a common digital map of the world. OSM embraces ideals of open data, and to that end innovates both socially and technically to develop practices and processes for coordinated operation. This paper provides a brief history of OSM and then, through quantitative and qualitative examination of the OSM database and other sites of articulation work, examines organizational growth through the lens of two catastrophes that spurred enormous humanitarian relief responses—the 2010 Haiti Earthquake and the 2013 Typhoon Yolanda. The temporally- and geographically- constrained events scope analysis for what is a rapidly maturing, whole-planet operation. The first disaster identified how OSM could support other organizations responding to the event. However, to achieve this, OSM has had to refine mechanisms of collaboration around map creation, which were tested again in Typhoon Yolanda. The ...
When a hazard such as a hurricane threatens, people are forced to make a wide variety of decision... more When a hazard such as a hurricane threatens, people are forced to make a wide variety of decisions, and the information they receive and produce can influence their own and others’ actions. As social media grows more popular, an increasing number of people are using social media platforms to obtain and share information about approaching threats and discuss their interpretations of the threat and their protective decisions. This work aims to improve understanding of natural disasters through social media and provide an annotation scheme to identify themes in user’s social media behavior and facilitate efforts in supervised machine learning. To that end, this work has three contributions: (1) the creation of an annotation scheme to consistently identify hazard-related themes in Twitter, (2) an overview of agreement rates and difficulties in identifying annotation categories, and (3) a public release of both the dataset and guidelines developed from this scheme.
This honors thesis focuses on Cryptography, Data Compression, and the link between the two in mod... more This honors thesis focuses on Cryptography, Data Compression, and the link between the two in modern applications. Beginning with the notion that a link could exist due to the similar structure of the general methods, chapters individually explore the processes. An analysis of classical cryptography starts in the classical age and describes methods used until World War II. Shifting to modern computer implementations, the call for National standards introduced a new generation of consumer computer based cryptographic methods that needed to be strong enough for world-wide use. Switching focus to data compression, compression methods from the 1950s through current day are explored and demonstrated. Ultimately, the original question is answered by accepting that a link does exist, but not in the form of a combination it was originally thought to be. Rather, when used in series: compression then encryption, the compression adds to the overall security of the data and yields a smaller enc...
When Hurricane Sandy swept over the US eastern seaboard in October 2012, it was the most tweeted ... more When Hurricane Sandy swept over the US eastern seaboard in October 2012, it was the most tweeted about event at the time. However, some of the most affected areas were underrepresented in the social media conversation about Sandy. Here, we examine the hurricane-related experiences and behaviors shared on Twitter by residents of Far Rockaway, a New York City neighborhood that is geographically and socioeconomically vulnerable to disasters, which was significantly affected by the storm. By carefully filtering the vast Twitter data, we focus on 41 Far Rockaway residents who offer rich personal accounts of their experience with Sandy. Analyzing their first-person narratives, we see risk perception and protective decision-making behavior in their data. We also find themes of invisibility and neglect when residents expressed feeling abandoned by the media, the city government, and the overall relief efforts in the aftermath of Sandy.
OpenStreetMap (OSM), often thought of as a technological tool or platform, can be envisioned as a... more OpenStreetMap (OSM), often thought of as a technological tool or platform, can be envisioned as a community of communities and informed by a broad understanding of geographical systems. In this article, we explore the community of university students known as YouthMappers, who utilize OSM and related tools for humanitarian data creation, analysis and learning. Students approach OSM simultaneously as aspiring members of the workforce in a global digital economy and as emerging world citizens of a global society. Established in 2014, YouthMappers is a campus-based consortium of more than 200 chapters in approximately 50 countries that networks and supports engagement in humanitarian data with practitioners, government agencies, and other actors. Open geospatial data are contributed to authentic campaigns through OpenStreetMap and an ecosystem of open source and proprietary tools. A 2019 survey of YouthMappers and an analysis of YouthMappers data contributions allow us to explore the following questions: Who are using open geospatial tools, and in what context? Which open geospatial tools are being used and where? How proficient are they as users? How confident do they feel? How prepared does this make them for the future? How do these patterns vary across the global digital divide? Results show evidence of mapping both locally and globally. They also reveal a gendered confidence gap, and tool use patterns hint at a gendered division of geospatial labor in some global contexts. Internships are key to unlocking job opportunities, and are prevalent among YouthMappers members. Findings also reveal that with growing self-reported proficiency, a commitment to the ethic of being a good global citizen increases, underscoring the potential promise for open geospatial tools to support not only workforce capacity, but also meaningful connections to learning about geography, place, people, and the world.
In the past 10 years, the collaborative maps of OpenStreetMap (OSM) have been used to support hum... more In the past 10 years, the collaborative maps of OpenStreetMap (OSM) have been used to support humanitarian efforts around the world as well as to fill important data gaps for implementing major development frameworks such as the Sustainable Development Goals. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the evolution of humanitarian mapping within the OSM community, seeking to understand the spatial and temporal footprint of these large-scale mapping efforts. The spatio-temporal statistical analysis of OSM’s full history since 2008 showed that humanitarian mapping efforts added 60.5 million buildings and 4.5 million roads to the map. Overall, mapping in OSM was strongly biased towards regions with very high Human Development Index. However, humanitarian mapping efforts had a different footprint, predominantly focused on regions with medium and low human development. Despite these efforts, regions with low and medium human development only accounted for 28% of the buildings and ...
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