Cannabis and Humulus are sister genera comprising the entirety of the Cannabaceae sensu stricto, ... more Cannabis and Humulus are sister genera comprising the entirety of the Cannabaceae sensu stricto, including C. sativa L. (marijuana, hemp), and H. lupulus L. (hops) as two economically important crops. These two plants have been used by humans for many purposes including as a fiber, food, medicine, or inebriant in the case of C. sativa, and as a flavoring component in beer brewing in the case of H. lupulus. In this study, we report the complete chloroplast genomes for two distinct hemp varieties of C. sativa, Italian "Carmagnola" and Russian "Dagestani", and one Czech variety of H. lupulus "Saazer". Both C. sativa genomes are 153 871 bp in length, while the H. lupulus genome is 153 751 bp. The genomes from the two C. sativa varieties differ in 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), while the H. lupulus genome differs in 1722 SNPs from both C. sativa cultivars.
In this note we consider higher order Bernoulli numbers associated to the formal group laws whose... more In this note we consider higher order Bernoulli numbers associated to the formal group laws whose canonical invariant differentials generate the Lucas sequences {U n }. We first give an explicit formula for these numbers which implies new identities involving the usual higher order Bernoulli numbers and the Lucas sequences {U n } and {V n }. We then give an analogue of the Kummer congruences for these sequences which for each prime p depends only on U p .
In this article we report the complete mitochondrial genome of the Warm Springs pupfish, Cyprinod... more In this article we report the complete mitochondrial genome of the Warm Springs pupfish, Cyprinodon nevadensis pectoralis. The genomic DNA of a single female individual was extracted and sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq2000 platform. It contains 16,499 bp and a total of 37 genes, divided into 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and 13 protein-coding genes. It exhibits 94% sequence similarity with the other published mitochondrion in its genus, C. rubrofluviatilis. A Tamura-Nei maximum-likelihood tree constructed from mitochondrial sequences shows expected phylogenetic relationships between C. nevadensis and sister taxa.
ABSTRACT Internal overflows occur when the nursing unit that would normally treat a patient is fu... more ABSTRACT Internal overflows occur when the nursing unit that would normally treat a patient is full and the patient must be assigned to a substitute unit. This common problem in hospital capacity planning is also known as bed borrowing. A stochastic model of the external and internal patient flows among the 20 nursing units in the adult medical division of a large university hospital was formed to estimate the frequency of internal overflows. Model parameters were estimated by tracking admissions, discharges, and transfers between units for one year. Internal overflows in the stochastic model were quite common. Cases where all related units that might reasonably provide comparable care were also full, were less common but occurred frequently enough in some nursing units to cause concern. A simplified version of the model allowed computation of the expected steady state occupancy level for each of the nursing units. The ratio of this steady state to the number of beds in a unit proved to be an excellent predictor of the frequency of internal overflows for that nursing unit, with the frequency becoming large when the ratio exceeded 80%.
Carrion decomposition is an ecologically important natural phenomenon influenced by a complex set... more Carrion decomposition is an ecologically important natural phenomenon influenced by a complex set of factors, including temperature, moisture, and the activity of microorganisms, invertebrates, and scavengers. The role of soil microbes as decomposers in this process is essential but not well understood and represents a knowledge gap in carrion ecology. To better define the role and sources of microbes in carrion decomposition, lab-reared mice were decomposed on either (i) soil with an intact microbial community or (ii) soil that was sterilized. We characterized the microbial community (16S rRNA gene for bacteria and archaea, and the 18S rRNA gene for fungi and microbial eukaryotes) for three body sites along with the underlying soil (i.e., gravesoils) at time intervals coinciding with visible changes in carrion morphology. Our results indicate that mice placed on soil with intact microbial communities reach advanced stages of decomposition 2 to 3 times faster than those placed on st...
Cannabis and Humulus are sister genera comprising the entirety of the Cannabaceae sensu stricto, ... more Cannabis and Humulus are sister genera comprising the entirety of the Cannabaceae sensu stricto, including C. sativa L. (marijuana, hemp), and H. lupulus L. (hops) as two economically important crops. These two plants have been used by humans for many purposes including as a fiber, food, medicine, or inebriant in the case of C. sativa, and as a flavoring component in beer brewing in the case of H. lupulus. In this study, we report the complete chloroplast genomes for two distinct hemp varieties of C. sativa, Italian "Carmagnola" and Russian "Dagestani", and one Czech variety of H. lupulus "Saazer". Both C. sativa genomes are 153 871 bp in length, while the H. lupulus genome is 153 751 bp. The genomes from the two C. sativa varieties differ in 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), while the H. lupulus genome differs in 1722 SNPs from both C. sativa cultivars.
In this note we consider higher order Bernoulli numbers associated to the formal group laws whose... more In this note we consider higher order Bernoulli numbers associated to the formal group laws whose canonical invariant differentials generate the Lucas sequences {U n }. We first give an explicit formula for these numbers which implies new identities involving the usual higher order Bernoulli numbers and the Lucas sequences {U n } and {V n }. We then give an analogue of the Kummer congruences for these sequences which for each prime p depends only on U p .
In this article we report the complete mitochondrial genome of the Warm Springs pupfish, Cyprinod... more In this article we report the complete mitochondrial genome of the Warm Springs pupfish, Cyprinodon nevadensis pectoralis. The genomic DNA of a single female individual was extracted and sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq2000 platform. It contains 16,499 bp and a total of 37 genes, divided into 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and 13 protein-coding genes. It exhibits 94% sequence similarity with the other published mitochondrion in its genus, C. rubrofluviatilis. A Tamura-Nei maximum-likelihood tree constructed from mitochondrial sequences shows expected phylogenetic relationships between C. nevadensis and sister taxa.
ABSTRACT Internal overflows occur when the nursing unit that would normally treat a patient is fu... more ABSTRACT Internal overflows occur when the nursing unit that would normally treat a patient is full and the patient must be assigned to a substitute unit. This common problem in hospital capacity planning is also known as bed borrowing. A stochastic model of the external and internal patient flows among the 20 nursing units in the adult medical division of a large university hospital was formed to estimate the frequency of internal overflows. Model parameters were estimated by tracking admissions, discharges, and transfers between units for one year. Internal overflows in the stochastic model were quite common. Cases where all related units that might reasonably provide comparable care were also full, were less common but occurred frequently enough in some nursing units to cause concern. A simplified version of the model allowed computation of the expected steady state occupancy level for each of the nursing units. The ratio of this steady state to the number of beds in a unit proved to be an excellent predictor of the frequency of internal overflows for that nursing unit, with the frequency becoming large when the ratio exceeded 80%.
Carrion decomposition is an ecologically important natural phenomenon influenced by a complex set... more Carrion decomposition is an ecologically important natural phenomenon influenced by a complex set of factors, including temperature, moisture, and the activity of microorganisms, invertebrates, and scavengers. The role of soil microbes as decomposers in this process is essential but not well understood and represents a knowledge gap in carrion ecology. To better define the role and sources of microbes in carrion decomposition, lab-reared mice were decomposed on either (i) soil with an intact microbial community or (ii) soil that was sterilized. We characterized the microbial community (16S rRNA gene for bacteria and archaea, and the 18S rRNA gene for fungi and microbial eukaryotes) for three body sites along with the underlying soil (i.e., gravesoils) at time intervals coinciding with visible changes in carrion morphology. Our results indicate that mice placed on soil with intact microbial communities reach advanced stages of decomposition 2 to 3 times faster than those placed on st...
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