History of science

Organizations, societies and institutions

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  Ole Worm's Cabinet of Curiosities (1655)
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  Académie des Sciences (1698)

Instruments and laboratories

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  Armillary sphere, ca. 1582
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  Astrolabe, 18th century
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  Orrery
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  Burning lamp

Portraits

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  Plato and Aristotle (1509)
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  Ptolemy (medieval)
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  Vesalius (1543)
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  Copernicus (early 16th century)
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  Galilei (1636)
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  Johannes Kepler (1610)
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  René Descartes
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  Robert Boyle (1689)
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  Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1700)
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  Isaac Newton (1689)
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  Leonhard Euler
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  Carolus Linnaeus (1775)
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  Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
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  Pierre-Simon Laplace
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  Alexander von Humboldt (1806)
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  Charles Lyell
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  Michael Faraday
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  Charles Darwin (1868)
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  Louis Pasteur (1885)
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  William Thomson, Lord Kelvin
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  James Clerk Maxwell
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  Niels Bohr
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  Thomas Hunt Morgan (1891)
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  Albert Einstein (1947)

Frontispieces and title pages

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  De corporis humani fabrica by Vesalius (1543)
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  De revolutionibus by Copernicus (1543)
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  Instauratio magna by Bacon (1620)
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  Tabulae Rudolphinae by Kepler (1627)
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  Dialogo by Galileo (1632)
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  Discours de la Methode by Descartes (1637)
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  Historia Plantarum by Theophrastus (1644)
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  Principia Mathematica by Newton (1686)
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  Opticks by Newton (1704)
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  Elémens de la philosophie de Neuton by Voltaire (1738)
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  Encyclopedie of Diderot (1751)
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  Systema Naturae by Linnaeus (10th ed., 1758)
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  The Temple of Nature by Erasmus Darwin (1803)
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  Origin of Species by Charles Darwin (1859)
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  Man's Place in Nature by Huxley (1863)

Science and religion

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  Galileo facing the Roman Inquisition by Cristiano Banti (1857)
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  Galileo before the Holy Office by Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury
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  Philosophy and Christian Art by Daniel Huntington (1868)
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  Detail from Education by Louis Comfort Tiffany (1890)

By field

Astronomy

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  Sir William Herschel
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  Caroline Herschel
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  Maria Mitchell
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  Diagrams from Theorice Novae Planetarum by George Puerbach
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  Astronomers Studying an Eclipse by Antoine Caron (1571)
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  Diagram from Mysterium Cosmographicum by Johannes Kepler (1596)
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  A priest-astronomer in the Chinese tradition by Ferdinand Verbiest (1675)
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  A Philosopher Giving a Lecture on the Orrery by Joseph Wright of Derby (ca. 1766)
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  The "Flammarion Woodcut" (1888)
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  L'Astronomie tapestry

Biology

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  Detail from De arte venandi cum avibus, late 13th century
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  Illustration of cork from Robert Hooke's Micrographia
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  Sketch of Darwin's first evolutionary tree
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  Illustration of chromosomes crossing over by Thomas Hunt Morgan

Chemistry and Alchemy

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  Hieronymus Brunschwig Liber de arte Distillandi de Compositis (Strassburg, 1512)
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  Alchemist's Laboratory by Heinrich Khunrath (1595)
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  Santorio Santorio's device for measuring weight before and after eating (1614)
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  Alchemist Filling Wet Drug Jars, 17th C.
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  Die Alchemisten by Pietro Longhi (1757)
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  The Alchemist in Search of the Philosopher's Stone by Joseph Wright of Derby (1771)
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  Justus van Bentum, The Explosion in the Alchemist’s Laboratory, 17/18th C.
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  Franz Christoph Janneck, The Medical Alchemist, !8th C.
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  The Alchemist by William Fettes Douglas
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  Der Alchimist by Carl Spitzweg (1860)
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  Alchemist Sędziwój by Jan Matejko (1867)
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  Thomas Wijck, Alchemist in His Study with a Woman Making Lace, 17th C.
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  Reconstruction of the Watson-Crick DNA model

Earth sciences

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  Shark's head illustration by Nicolas Steno
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  Biogeographical illustration by Alexander von Humboldt
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  Henry de la Beche watercolor of fossil life

Mathematics

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  Mary Fairfax, Mrs William Somerville (1834)

Medicine

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  Paracelsus
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  Wilhelm Fabry, German surgeon, photo of bust in marketplace of birth town
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  Rembrandt: Anatomie des Dr. Tulp
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  Deutsch: Sympathische Entsprechungen zwischen Pflanzen und Tieren (Signaturen). Holzschnitt nach Auffassung Giambattista della Portas (16. Jh.)

Physics

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  Madame Du Châtelet at her desk, by De La Tour, 18th century
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  Marie Curie (born Maria Salomea Skłodowska), Nobel Prize, (1911)
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  Lise Meitner (1946)

Technology

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  John Harrison
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  Ada Lovelace, by Margaret Sarah Carpenter, 1836
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  Charles Babbage, by Samuel Lawrence, 1845