View source for Module:Coordinates

--[[
  __  __           _       _         ____                    _ _             _            
 |  \/  | ___   __| |_   _| | ___ _ / ___|___   ___  _ __ __| (_)_ __   __ _| |_ ___  ___ 
 | |\/| |/ _ \ / _` | | | | |/ _ (_) |   / _ \ / _ \| '__/ _` | | '_ \ / _` | __/ _ \/ __|
 | |  | | (_) | (_| | |_| | |  __/_| |__| (_) | (_) | | | (_| | | | | | (_| | ||  __/\__ \
 |_|  |_|\___/ \__,_|\__,_|_|\___(_)\____\___/ \___/|_|  \__,_|_|_| |_|\__,_|\__\___||___/
                                                                                          

This module is intended to provide functionality of {{location}} and related
templates. It was developed on Wikimedia Commons, so if you find this code on
other sites, check there for updates and discussions.

Please do not modify this code without applying the changes first at Module:Coordinates/sandbox and testing 
at Module:Coordinates/sandbox/testcases and Module talk:Coordinates/sandbox/testcases.

Authors and maintainers:
* User:Jarekt
* User:Ebraminio

Functions:
*function p.LocationTemplateCore(frame)
**function p.GeoHack_link(frame)
***function p.lat_lon(frame)
****function p._deg2dms(deg,lang)
***function p.externalLink(frame)
****function p._externalLink(site, globe, latStr, lonStr, lang, attributes)
**function p._getHeading(attributes)
**function p.externalLinksSection(frame)
***function p._externalLink(site, globe, latStr, lonStr, lang, attributes)
*function p.getHeading(frame)  
*function p.deg2dms(frame)

]]

-- =======================================
-- === Dependencies ======================
-- =======================================
require('strict') -- used for debugging purposes as it detects cases of unintended global variables
local i18n = require('Module:I18n/coordinates')    -- get localized translations of site names
local core = require('Module:Core')

-- =======================================
-- === Hardwired parameters ==============
-- =======================================

-- ===========================================================
-- Angles associated with each abbreviation of compass point names. See [[:en:Points of the compass]]
local compass_points = {
  N    = 0,
  NBE  = 11.25,
  NNE  = 22.5,
  NEBN = 33.75,
  NE   = 45,
  NEBE = 56.25,
  ENE  = 67.5,
  EBN  = 78.75,
  E    = 90,
  EBS  = 101.25,
  ESE  = 112.5,
  SEBE = 123.75,
  SE   = 135,
  SEBS = 146.25,
  SSE  = 157.5,
  SBE  = 168.75,
  S    = 180,
  SBW  = 191.25,
  SSW  = 202.5,
  SWBS = 213.75,
  SW   = 225,
  SWBW = 236.25,
  WSW  = 247.5,
  WBS  = 258.75,
  W    = 270,
  WBN  = 281.25,
  WNW  = 292.5,
  NWBW = 303.75,
  NW   = 315,
  NWBN = 326.25,
  NNW  = 337.5,
  NBW  = 348.75,
}

-- ===========================================================
-- files to use for different headings
local heading_icon = {
	[ 1] = 'File:Compass-icon bb N.svg',
	[ 2] = 'File:Compass-icon bb NbE.svg',
	[ 3] = 'File:Compass-icon bb NNE.svg',
	[ 4] = 'File:Compass-icon bb NEbN.svg',
	[ 5] = 'File:Compass-icon bb NE.svg',
	[ 6] = 'File:Compass-icon bb NEbE.svg',
	[ 7] = 'File:Compass-icon bb ENE.svg',
	[ 8] = 'File:Compass-icon bb EbN.svg',
	[ 9] = 'File:Compass-icon bb E.svg',
	[10] = 'File:Compass-icon bb EbS.svg',
	[11] = 'File:Compass-icon bb ESE.svg',
	[12] = 'File:Compass-icon bb SEbE.svg',
	[13] = 'File:Compass-icon bb SE.svg',
	[14] = 'File:Compass-icon bb SEbS.svg',
	[15] = 'File:Compass-icon bb SSE.svg',
	[16] = 'File:Compass-icon bb SbE.svg',
	[17] = 'File:Compass-icon bb S.svg',
	[18] = 'File:Compass-icon bb SbW.svg',
	[19] = 'File:Compass-icon bb SSW.svg',
	[20] = 'File:Compass-icon bb SWbS.svg',
	[21] = 'File:Compass-icon bb SW.svg',
	[22] = 'File:Compass-icon bb SWbW.svg',
	[23] = 'File:Compass-icon bb WSW.svg',
	[24] = 'File:Compass-icon bb WbS.svg',
	[25] = 'File:Compass-icon bb W.svg',
	[26] = 'File:Compass-icon bb WbN.svg',
	[27] = 'File:Compass-icon bb WNW.svg',
	[28] = 'File:Compass-icon bb NWbW.svg',
	[29] = 'File:Compass-icon bb NW.svg',
	[30] = 'File:Compass-icon bb NWbN.svg',
	[31] = 'File:Compass-icon bb NNW.svg',
	[32] = 'File:Compass-icon bb NbW.svg'
}

-- ===========================================================
-- URL definitions for different sites. Strings: $lat, $lon, $lang, $attr, $page will be 
-- replaced with latitude, longitude, language code, GeoHack attribution parameters and full-page-name strings.
local SiteURL = {
	GeoHack        = 'https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=$page&params=$lat_N_$lon_E_$attr&language=$lang',
	--GoogleEarth    = '//geocommons.toolforge.org/earth.kml?latdegdec=$lat&londegdec=$lon&scale=10000&commons=1',
	Proximityrama  = 'https://tools.wmflabs.org/geocommons/proximityrama?latlon=$lat,$lon',
	WikimediaMap   = 'https://maps.wikimedia.org/#16/$lat/$lon',
	--OpenStreetMap1 = '//wiwosm.toolforge.org/osm-on-ol/commons-on-osm.php?zoom=16&lat=$lat&lon=$lon',
	OpenStreetMap1 = 'https://wikimap.toolforge.org/?wp=false&cluster=false&zoom=16&lat=$lat&lon=$lon',
	--OpenStreetMap2 = 'https://tools.wmflabs.org/osm4wiki/cgi-bin/wiki/wiki-osm.pl?project=Commons&article=$page&l=$level',
	OpenStreetMap2 = 'https://osm4wiki.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/wiki/wiki-osm.pl?project=Commons&article=$page&l=$level',
	GoogleMaps = { 
		Mars  = 'https://www.google.com/mars/#lat=$lat&lon=$lon&zoom=8',
		Moon  = 'https://www.google.com/moon/#lat=$lat&lon=$lon&zoom=8',
		Earth = 'https://wp-world.toolforge.org/googlmaps-proxy.php?page=http://kmlexport.toolforge.org/%3Fproject%3DCommons%26article%3D$page&l=$level&output=classic'
	}
}

-- ===========================================================
-- Categories
local CoorCat = {
	-- File       = '[[Category:Media with locations]]',
	-- Gallery    = '[[Category:Galleries with coordinates]]',
	-- Category   = '[[Category:Categories with coordinates]]',
	strucData0 = '[[Category:Pages with %s coordinates from %s]]',
	strucData1 = '[[Category:Pages with local %s coordinates and matching %s coordinates]]',
	strucData2 = '[[Category:Pages with local %s coordinates and similar %s coordinates]]',
	strucData3 = '[[Category:Pages with local %s coordinates and mismatching %s coordinates]]',
	strucData4 = '[[Category:Pages with local %s coordinates and missing %s coordinates]]',
	sHeading3  = '[[Category:Pages with local %s heading and mismatching %s heading]]',
	sHeading4  = '[[Category:Pages with local %s heading and missing %s heading]]',
	sHeading5  = '[[Category:Pages with local %s heading:0 and missing %s heading]]',
	globe      = '[[Category:Media with %s locations]]',
	default    = '[[Category:Media with default locations]]',
	attribute  = '[[Category:Media with erroneous geolocation attributes]]',
	erroneous  = '[[Category:Media with erroneous locations]]',
	dms        = '[[Category:Media with coordinates in DMS format]]'
}

local globeLUT = { Q2='Earth', Q111='Mars', Q405='Moon'}
local NoLatLonString = 'latitude, longitude'

-- =======================================
-- === Local Functions ===================
-- =======================================

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
local function getProperty(entity, prop)
	return (core.parseStatements(entity:getBestStatements( prop ), nil) or {nil})[1]
end

-- ===========================================================
local function add_maplink(lat, lon, marker, text)
	local tstr = ''
	if text then
		tstr = string.format('text="%s" ', text)
	end
	return string.format('<maplink %szoom="13" latitude="%f" longitude="%f" class="no-icon">{'..
		'  "type": "Feature",'..
		'  "geometry": { "type":"Point", "coordinates":[%f, %f] },'..
		'  "properties": { "marker-symbol":"%s", "marker-size": "large", "marker-color": "0050d0"  }'..
		'}</maplink>', tstr, lat, lon, lon, lat, marker)
end

-- ===========================================================
local function add_maplink2(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2)
	return string.format('<maplink zoom="13" latitude="%f" longitude="%f" class="no-icon">[{'..
		'  "type": "Feature",'..
		'  "geometry": { "type":"Point", "coordinates":[%f, %f] },'..
		'  "properties": { "marker-symbol":"c", "marker-size": "large", "marker-color": "0050d0", "title": "Location on Wikimedia Commons"  }'..
		'},{'..
		'  "type": "Feature",'..
		'  "geometry": { "type":"Point", "coordinates":[%f, %f] },'..
		'  "properties": { "marker-symbol":"w", "marker-size": "large", "marker-color": "228b22", "title": "Location on Wikidata"  }'..
		'}]</maplink>', lat2, lon2, lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2)
end

-- ===========================================================
local function info_box(text)
	return string.format('<table class="messagebox plainlinks layouttemplate" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-width:2px; border-style:solid; width:100%%; clear: both; '..
		'border-color:#f28500; background:#ffe;direction:ltr; border-left-width: 8px; ">'..
		'<tr>'..
		'<td class="mbox-image" style="padding-left:.9em;">'..
		' [[File:Commons-emblem-issue.svg|class=noviewer|45px]]</td>'..
		'<td class="mbox-text" style="">%s</td>'..
		'</tr></table>', text)
end

-- ===========================================================
local function distance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2)
	-- calculate distance
	local dLat = math.rad(lat1-lat2)
	local dLon = math.rad(lon1-lon2)
	local d = math.pow(math.sin(dLat/2),2) + math.pow(math.sin(dLon/2),2) * math.cos(math.rad(lat1)) * math.cos(math.rad(lat2))
	d = 2 * math.atan2(math.sqrt(d), math.sqrt(1-d))  -- angular distance in radians
	d = 6371000 * d       -- radians to meters conversion
	d = math.floor(d+0.5) -- round it to even meters
	return d
end

-- ===========================================================
local function getSDCoords(entity, prop)
    -- get coordinates from structured data (either wikidata or SDC)
	local coords = {id=entity.id, source=prop}
	if not entity or not entity.claims or not entity.claims[prop]then 
		return coords
	end
	for _, statement in pairs( entity:getBestStatements( prop )) do
		local v = statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value	-- get coordinates
		if v.latitude then
			coords.lat   = v.latitude
			coords.lon   = v.longitude
			coords.prec  = v.precision or 1e-4
			coords.prec  = math.floor(coords.prec*111000)           -- convert precision from degrees to meters and round
			coords.prec  = math.max(math.min(coords.prec,111000),5) -- bound precision to a number between 5 meters and 1 degree
			coords.globe = string.gsub(v.globe, 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/','')
			coords.globe = globeLUT[coords.globe]
			if statement.qualifiers and statement.qualifiers.P7787 then
				v = statement.qualifiers.P7787[1].datavalue.value
				if v.unit == "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q28390" then     -- in degrees
					coords.heading = v.amount
				elseif v.unit == "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q33680" then -- in radians
					coords.heading = v.amount*57.2957795131
				end	
			end			
			return coords
		end
	end
	return coords
end

-- ===========================================================
local function compareCoords(loc, sd, mode, source)
-- compare coordinates
--INPUTS:
--  * loc - local coordinates
--  * sd  - structured data coords
	local coord = loc
	local cat, dist_str = '', ''
	local case, dist, qs, mapLink, message
	dist=0

	if not loc.lat or not loc.lon then -- structured data/wikidata coordinates only
		coord = sd
		--cat = string.format(CoorCat.strucData0, mode, source)
		case = 0
	elseif loc.lat and loc.lon and not sd.lat and not sd.lon then	
		cat = string.format(CoorCat.strucData4, mode, source)
		case = 4 -- local coordinates only
	elseif loc.lat and loc.lon and sd.lat and sd.lon then
		dist = distance(loc.lat, loc.lon, sd.lat, sd.lon) -- calculate distance
		dist_str = string.format(' (discrepancy of %i meters between the above coordinates and the ones stored on Wikidata)', dist) -- will be displayed when hovering a mouse above wikidata icon

		if dist<20 or dist<sd.prec then -- will consider location within 20 meters or precision distance as the same
			if source=='Wikidata' then
				cat = string.format(CoorCat.strucData1, mode, source)
			end
			case = 1
		elseif (dist<1000 or dist<5*sd.prec) and mode=='object' then 
			--cat = string.format(CoorCat.strucData2, mode, source)
			case = 2
		else -- locations 1 km off and 5 precision distances away are likely wrong. The issue might be with wrong precission
			mapLink = mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess(add_maplink2(loc.lat, loc.lon, sd.lat, sd.lon)) -- fancy link to OSM
			message = string.format("There is a discrepancy of %i meters between the above coordinates and the ones stored at %s (%s, precision: %i m). Please [[Commons:Structured data/Reconciliation|reconcile them]]. ",
			dist, source, mapLink, sd.prec)	
			cat = string.format(CoorCat.strucData3, mode, source) .. info_box(message)
			case = 3
		end
	end
	if not loc.heading and sd.heading then -- structured data/wikidata heading only
		coord.heading = sd.heading
	elseif loc.heading==0 and not sd.heading and sd.lat and sd.lon then -- local heading only
		cat = cat .. string.format(CoorCat.sHeading5, mode, source) 
	elseif loc.heading and not sd.heading and sd.lat and sd.lon then -- local heading only
		cat = cat .. string.format(CoorCat.sHeading4, mode, source) 
	elseif loc.heading and sd.heading then
		local dh = math.abs(math.fmod(loc.heading,360) - math.fmod(sd.heading,360))
		if dh>1 and dh<359 then
			message = string.format("There is a discrepancy of %i degrees between the above camera heading (set to %i) and the ones stored at %s (set to %i). Please [[Commons:Structured data/Reconciliation|reconcile them]]. ", dh, loc.heading, source, sd.heading)
			cat = cat .. string.format(CoorCat.sHeading3, mode, source)  .. info_box(message)
		end
	end
	if source=='Wikidata' and case>=3 then
		local url = mw.title.getCurrentTitle():canonicalUrl()
		local today = '+' .. os.date('!%F') .. 'T00:00:00Z/11' -- today's date in QS format
		qs = string.format('%s|P625|@%09.5f/%09.5f|S143|Q565|S813|%s|S4656|"%s"', sd.wID, loc.lat, loc.lon, today, url)
		qs = string.gsub (mw.uri.encode(qs),'%%2520','%%20')
		qs = 'https://quickstatements.toolforge.org/#/v1=' .. qs    -- create full URL link
		qs = string.format("[[File:Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg|15px|link=%s|Copy geo coordinates to Wikidata]]", qs)
	end
	local ret = {dist_str=dist_str, case=case, qs=qs }
	return coord, cat, ret
end

-- Check if location of creation (P1071) is set
local function checkLocationOfCreation(entity, lat, lon)
	local cat = ''
	local latFloor, lonFloor, latAbs, lonAbs
	if entity and entity.statements and entity.statements['P1071'] then
		return cat
	end
	latFloor = math.floor(lat)
	lonFloor = math.floor(lon)
	latAbs = math.abs(latFloor)
	lonAbs = math.abs(lonFloor)
	-- This is a rough bounding box of the Netherlands and part of neighbor countries as a pilot
	if (48 <= latFloor) and (latFloor < 54) and (0 <= lonFloor) and (lonFloor < 12) then
		cat = string.format("[[Category:Files with coordinates missing SDC location of creation (%s° N, %s° E)]]", latAbs, lonAbs)
		return cat
	-- Part of the United Kingdom
	elseif (50 <= latFloor) and (latFloor < 56) and (-5 <= lonFloor) and (lonFloor < 0) then
		cat = string.format("[[Category:Files with coordinates missing SDC location of creation (%s° N, %s° W)]]", latAbs, lonAbs)
		return cat
	-- Canberra and Sydney
	elseif (-36 <= latFloor) and (latFloor < -33) and (149 <= lonFloor) and (lonFloor < 152 ) then
		cat = string.format("[[Category:Files with coordinates missing SDC location of creation (%s° S, %s° E)]]", latAbs, lonAbs)
		return cat 
	-- Buenos Aires and Montevideo
	elseif (-36 <= latFloor) and (latFloor < -33) and (-58 <= lonFloor) and (lonFloor < -55) then
		cat = string.format("[[Category:Files with coordinates missing SDC location of creation (%s° S, %s° W)]]", latAbs, lonAbs)
		return cat 
	end
	cat = '[[Category:Files with coordinates missing SDC location of creation]]'
	return cat
end

-- ===========================================================
local function dms2deg_ ( d, m, s, h )
  	d,m,s = tonumber(d), tonumber(m), tonumber(s)
  	if not (d and m and s and h) then
		return nil
	end
	local LUT = {N=1, S=-1, E=1, W=-1} -- look up table
	h = LUT[mw.ustring.upper( h )]
	if not h then
		return nil
	end
	return h * (d + m/60.0 + s/3600.0)
end

-- ===========================================================
local function dms2deg ( dms )
  	local ltab  = mw.text.split(dms:gsub("[°'′″\",%s]+" , "/" ):gsub("^%/", ""), "/")
  	local degre = dms2deg_ (ltab[1], ltab[2], ltab[3], ltab[4])
	--return dms .. '->' .. dms:gsub("[°'′″\",%s]+" , "/" ):gsub("^%/", "")  .. '->' .. (degre or 'nil')
	return degre or dms
end

-- =======================================
-- === External Functions ================
-- =======================================
local p = {}
p.debug = 'nothing'

-- parse attribute variable returning desired field (used for debugging)
function p.parseAttribute(frame)
  return string.match(mw.text.decode(frame.args[1]), mw.text.decode(frame.args[2]) .. ':' .. '([^_]*)') or ''
end

-- ===========================================================
-- Helper core function for getHeading. 
function p._getHeading(attributes)
	if attributes == nil then
		return nil
	end
	local hStr = string.match(mw.text.decode(attributes), 'heading:([^_]*)')
	if hStr == nil then
		return nil
	end
	local hNum = tonumber( hStr )
	if hNum == nil then
		hStr = string.upper (hStr)
		hNum = compass_points[hStr]  
	end
	if hNum then
		hNum = hNum%360
	end
	return hNum
end

--[[============================================================================
Parse attribute variable returning heading field. If heading is a string than 
try to convert it to an angle
==============================================================================]]

function p.getHeading(frame)  
	local attributes
	if frame.args[1] then
		attributes = frame.args[1]
	elseif frame.args.attributes then
		attributes = frame.args.attributes
	else
		return ''
	end
	local hNum  = p._getHeading(attributes)
	if hNum == nil then
		return ''
	end
	return tostring(hNum)
end


--[[============================================================================
Helper core function for deg2dms. deg2dms can be called by templates, while 
_deg2dms should be called from Lua.
Inputs:
* degree - positive coordinate in degrees
* degPrec - coordinate precision in degrees will result in different angle format
* lang - language to used when formatting the number
==============================================================================]]
function p._deg2dms(degree, degPrec, lang)
	local dNum, mNum, sNum, dStr, mStr, sStr, formatStr, secPrec, c, k, d, zero
	local Lang = mw.language.new(lang)

	-- adjust number display based on precision
	secPrec = degPrec*3600.0                     -- coordinate precision in seconds
	if secPrec<0.05 then                         -- degPrec<1.3889e-05
		formatStr = '%s°&nbsp;%s′&nbsp;%s″'      -- use DD° MM′ SS.SS″ format
		c = 360000
	elseif secPrec<0.5 then                      -- 1.3889e-05<degPrec<1.3889e-04
		formatStr = '%s°&nbsp;%s′&nbsp;%s″'      -- use DD° MM′ SS.S″ format
		c = 36000
	elseif degPrec*60.0<0.5 then                 -- 1.3889e-04<degPrec<0.0083
		formatStr = '%s°&nbsp;%s′&nbsp;%s″'      -- use DD° MM′ SS″ format
		c = 3600
	elseif degPrec<0.5 then                      -- 0.0083<degPrec<0.5
		formatStr = '%s°&nbsp;%s′'               -- use DD° MM′ format
		c = 60
	else -- if degPrec>0.5 then                  
		formatStr = '%s°'                        -- use DD° format
		c = 1
	end
	
	-- create degree, minute and seconds numbers and string
	d = c/60
	k  = math.floor(c*(degree%360)+0.49)  -- convert float to an integer. This step HAS to be identical for all conversions to avoid incorrect results due to different rounding
	dNum = math.floor(k/c) % 360          -- degree number (integer in 0-360 range)
	mNum = math.floor(k/d) %  60          -- minute number (integer in 0-60 range)
	sNum =      3600*(k%d) / c            -- seconds number (float in 0-60 range with 0, 1 or 2 decimal digits)
	dStr = Lang:formatNum(dNum)           -- degree string 
	mStr = Lang:formatNum(mNum)           -- minute string 
	sStr = Lang:formatNum(sNum)           -- second string 
	zero = Lang:formatNum(0)              -- zero string in local language
	if mNum<10 then
		mStr = zero .. mStr                 -- pad with zero if a single digit
	end
	if sNum<10 then
		sStr = zero .. sStr                 -- pad with zero if less than ten
	end
	return string.format(formatStr, dStr, mStr, sStr);
end

--[[============================================================================
Convert degrees to degrees/minutes/seconds notation commonly used when displaying 
coordinates.
Inputs:
1) latitude or longitude angle in degrees
2) georeference precision in degrees
3) language used in formatting of the number
==============================================================================]]
function p.deg2dms(frame)
	local args = core.getArgs(frame)
	local degree  = tonumber(args[1])
	local degPrec = tonumber(args[2]) or 0-- precision in degrees

	if degree==nil then
		return args[1];
	else
		return p._deg2dms(degree, degPrec, args.lang)
	end
end

function p.dms2deg(frame)
	return dms2deg(frame.args[1])
end

--[[============================================================================
Format coordinate location string, by creating and joining DMS strings for 
latitude and longitude. Also convert precision from meters to degrees.
INPUTS:
 * lat        = latitude in degrees
 * lon        = longitude in degrees
 * lang       = language code
 * prec       = geolocation precision in meters
==============================================================================]]
function p._lat_lon(lat, lon, prec, lang)
	lat  = tonumber(lat)
	lon  = tonumber(lon)
	prec = math.abs(tonumber(prec) or 0)
	if lon then -- get longitude to be in -180 to 180 range
		lon=lon%360
		if lon>180 then
			lon = lon-360
		end
	end
	if lat==nil or lon==nil then
		return NoLatLonString
	else
		local nsew = core.langSwitch(i18n.NSEW, lang) -- find set of localized translation of N, S, W and E in the desired language 
		local SN, EW, latStr, lonStr, lon2m, lat2m, phi
		if lat<0 then SN = nsew.S else SN = nsew.N end              -- choose S or N depending on latitude  degree sign
		if lon<0 then EW = nsew.W else EW = nsew.E end              -- choose W or E depending on longitude degree sign
		lat2m=1
		lon2m=1
		if prec>0 then -- if user specified the precision of the geo location...
			phi   = math.abs(lat)*math.pi/180   -- latitude in radiants
			lon2m = 6378137*math.cos(phi)*math.pi/180  -- see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude
			lat2m = 111000  -- average latitude degree size in meters
		end
		latStr = p._deg2dms(math.abs(lat), prec/lat2m, lang) -- Convert latitude  degrees to degrees/minutes/seconds
		lonStr = p._deg2dms(math.abs(lon), prec/lon2m, lang) -- Convert longitude degrees to degrees/minutes/seconds
		return string.format('%s&nbsp;%s, %s&nbsp;%s', latStr, SN, lonStr, EW)
		--return string.format('<span class="latitude">%s %s</span>, <span class="longitude">%s %s</span>', latStr, SN, lonStr, EW)
	end
end

function p.lat_lon(frame)
	local args = core.getArgs(frame)
	return p._lat_lon(args.lat, args.lon, args.prec, args.lang)
end

--[[============================================================================
Helper core function for externalLink. Create URL for different sites:
INPUTS:
 * site       = Possible sites: GeoHack, GoogleEarth, Proximityrama, 
                OpenStreetMap, GoogleMaps (for Earth, Mars and Moon)
 * globe      = Possible options: Earth, Mars or Moon. Venus, Mercury, Titan, 
                Ganymede are also supported but are unused as of 2013.
 * latStr     = latitude string or number
 * lonStr     = longitude string or number
 * lang       = language code
 * attributes = attributes to be passed to GeoHack
==============================================================================]]
function p._externalLink(site, globe, latStr, lonStr, lang, attributes, level)
	local URLstr = SiteURL[site];
	level = level or 1
	local pageName = mw.uri.encode( mw.title.getCurrentTitle().prefixedText, 'WIKI' )
	pageName = mw.ustring.gsub( pageName, '%%', '%%%%')

	if site == 'GoogleMaps' then
		URLstr = SiteURL.GoogleMaps[globe]
	elseif site == 'GeoHack' then
		attributes = string.format('globe:%s_%s', globe, attributes)
		URLstr = mw.ustring.gsub( URLstr, '$attr', attributes)
	end
	URLstr = mw.ustring.gsub( URLstr, '$lat'  , latStr)
	URLstr = mw.ustring.gsub( URLstr, '$lon'  , lonStr)
	URLstr = mw.ustring.gsub( URLstr, '$lang' , lang)
	URLstr = mw.ustring.gsub( URLstr, '$level', level)
	URLstr = mw.ustring.gsub( URLstr, '$page' , pageName)
	URLstr = mw.ustring.gsub( URLstr, '+', '')
	URLstr = mw.ustring.gsub( URLstr, ' ', '_')
	return URLstr
end

--[[============================================================================
Create URL for different sites.
INPUTS:
 * site       = Possible sites: GeoHack, GoogleEarth, Proximityrama, 
                OpenStreetMap, GoogleMaps (for Earth, Mars and Moon)
 * globe      = Possible options: Earth, Mars or Moon. Venus, Mercury, Titan, 
                Ganymede are also supported but are unused as of 2013.
 * lat        = latitude string or number
 * lon        = longitude string or number
 * lang       = language code
 * attributes = attributes to be passed to GeoHack
==============================================================================]]
function p.externalLink(frame)
	local args = core.getArgs(frame)
	return p._externalLink(args.site or 'GeoHack', args.globe or 'Earth', args.lat, args.lon, args.lang, args.attributes or '')
end

--[[============================================================================
Adjust GeoHack attributes depending on the template that calls it
INPUTS:
 * attributes = attributes to be passed to GeoHack
 * mode = set by each calling template
==============================================================================]]
function p.alterAttributes(attributes, mode, heading)
	-- indicate which template called it
	if mode=='camera' then                                   -- Used by {{Location}} and {{Location dec}}
		if not string.find(attributes, 'type:camera') then
			attributes = 'type:camera_' .. attributes
		end
	elseif mode=='object'  then              -- Used by {{Object location}}
		if mode=='object' and not string.find(attributes, 'type:') then
			attributes = 'type:object_' .. attributes
		end
		if not string.find(attributes, 'class:object') then
			attributes = 'class:object_' .. attributes
		end
	elseif mode=='inline' then                               -- Used by {{Inline coordinates}} (actually that template does not set any attributes at the moment)
	elseif mode=='user' then                                 -- Used by {{User location}}
		attributes = 'type:user_location'
	elseif mode=='institution' then                          --Used by {{Institution/coordinates}} (categories only)	
		attributes = 'type:institution'
	end
	local hStr = ''
	if heading then -- if heading is a  number 
		hStr = string.format('heading:%6.2f', heading)
	end
	if not string.find(attributes, 'heading:') then
		attributes = attributes .. '_' .. hStr
	else
		attributes = string.gsub(attributes,'heading:[^_]*', hStr) -- replace heading in form heading:N with heading=0 
		attributes = string.gsub(attributes,'__', '_') 
	end

	return string.gsub(attributes,' ', '')
end
	
--[[============================================================================
 Create link to GeoHack tool which displays latitude and longitude coordinates 
 in DMS format
 INPUTS:
 * globe      = Possible options: Earth, Mars or Moon. Venus, Mercury, Titan, 
                Ganymede are also supported but are unused as of 2013.
 * lat        = latitude in degrees
 * lon        = longitude in degrees
 * lang       = language code
 * prec       = geolocation precision in meters
 * attributes = attributes to be passed to GeoHack
==============================================================================]]
function p._GeoHack_link(args)
	-- create link and coordintate string
	local latlon = p._lat_lon(args.lat, args.lon, args.prec, args.lang)
	if latlon==NoLatLonString then
		return latlon
	else
		local url = p._externalLink('GeoHack', args.globe or 'Earth', args.lat, args.lon, args.lang, args.attributes or '')
		return string.format('<span class="plainlinksneverexpand">[%s %s]</span>', url, latlon) --<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">
	end
end

function p.GeoHack_link(frame)
	return p._GeoHack_link(core.getArgs(frame))
end


--[[============================================================================
 Create full external links section of {{Location}} or {{Object location}} 
 templates, based on:
 * globe      = Possible options: Earth, Mars or Moon. Venus, Mercury, Titan, Ganymede are also supported but are unused as of 2013.
 * mode       = Possible options: 
  - camera - call from {{location}}
  - object - call from {{Object location}}
  - globe  - call from {{Globe location}}
 * lat        = latitude in degrees
 * lon        = longitude in degrees
 * lang       = language code
 * namespace  = namespace name: File, Category, (Gallery)
==============================================================================]]
function p._externalLinksSection(args)
	local lang = args.lang
	if not args.namespace then
		args.namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText
	end
	
	local str, link1, link2, link3, link4
	if args.globe=='Earth' and args.namespace~="Category" then -- Earth locations for files will have 2 links
		link1 = p._externalLink('OpenStreetMap1', 'Earth', args.lat, args.lon, lang, '')
		--link2 = p._externalLink('GoogleEarth'   , 'Earth', args.lat, args.lon, lang, '')
		str = string.format('[%s %s]', link1, core.langSwitch(i18n.OpenStreetMaps, lang))
			--link2, core.langSwitch(i18n.GoogleEarth, lang)) 
	elseif args.globe=='Earth' and args.namespace=="Category" then -- Earth locations for categories will have 4 links
		link1 = p._externalLink('OpenStreetMap2', 'Earth', args.lat, args.lon, lang, '', args.catRecurse)
		--link2 = p._externalLink('GoogleMaps'    , 'Earth', args.lat, args.lon, lang, '', args.catRecurse) 
		--link3 = p._externalLink('GoogleEarth'   , 'Earth', args.lat, args.lon, lang, '')
		--link4 = p._externalLink('Proximityrama' , 'Earth', args.lat, args.lon, lang, '')
		str = string.format('[%s %s]', link1, core.langSwitch(i18n.OpenStreetMaps, lang))
			--link2, core.langSwitch(i18n.GoogleMaps, lang),
			--link3, core.langSwitch(i18n.GoogleEarth, lang),
			--link4, core.langSwitch(i18n.Proximityrama, lang))
	elseif args.globe=='Mars' or args.globe=='Moon' then
		link1 = p._externalLink('GoogleMaps', args.globe, args.lat, args.lon, lang, '')
		str = string.format('[%s %s]', link1, core.langSwitch(i18n.GoogleMaps, lang))
	end
	
	return str
end

function p.externalLinksSection(frame)
	return p._externalLinksSection(core.getArgs(frame))
end

-- ============================================================================
local function P625_categories(args, entity)
	local cat = ''
	local data = {}
	if ((not entity.id:match( '^[Mm]%d+$' )) or (not getProperty(entity, 'P625'))) then
		return cat
	end 
	local P625  = getSDCoords(entity,'P625')
	local P1259 = getSDCoords(entity,'P1259')
	local P9149 = getSDCoords(entity,'P9149')
	if (P1259.lat and distance(P625.lat, P625.lon, P1259.lat, P1259.lon)<=1) then
		cat = '[[Category:Media with the same P625 and P1259 coordinates]]'
	elseif (P1259.lat) then
		cat = '[[Category:Media with P625 and P1259 coordinates]]'
	end
	if (P9149.lat and distance(P625.lat, P625.lon, P9149.lat, P9149.lon)<=1) then
		cat = cat .. '[[Category:Media with the same P625 and P9149 coordinates]]'
	elseif (P9149.lat) then
		cat = cat .. '[[Category:Media with P625 and P9149 coordinates]]'
	end 
	if (cat=='' and args.lat and distance(P625.lat, P625.lon, args.lat, args.lon)<=1) then
		cat = cat .. string.format('[[Category:Media with the same P625 and %s coordinates]]', args.mode)
	end 
	if (cat=='' and args.lat) then
		cat = string.format('[[Category:Media with P625 and %s coordinates]]', args.mode)
	else
		cat = '[[Category:Media with P625 coordinates]]'
	end
	return cat
end

--[[============================================================================
Core section of template:Location, template:Object location and template:Globe location.
This method requires several arguments to be passed to it or it's parent method/template:
 * globe      = Possible options: Earth, Mars or Moon. Venus, Mercury, Titan, Ganymede are also supported but are unused as of 2013.
 * mode       = Possible options: 
  - camera - call from {{location}}
  - object - call from {{Object location}}
  - globe  - call from {{Globe location}}
 * lat        = latitude in degrees
 * lon        = longitude in degrees
 * attributes = attributes
 * lang       = language code
 * namespace  = namespace: File, Category, Gallery
 * prec       = geolocation precision in meters
==============================================================================]]
function p._LocationTemplateCore(args)
	-- prepare arguments
	if not (args.namespace) then -- if namespace not provided than look it up
		args.namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText
	end
	if args.namespace=='' then -- if empty than it is a gallery
		args.namespace = 'Gallery'
	end
	local bare   = core.yesno(args.bare,false)
	local Status = 'primary' -- used by {{#coordinates:}}
	if core.yesno(args.secondary,false) then
		Status = 'secondary'
	end
	args.globe = mw.language.new('en'):ucfirst(args.globe or 'Earth') 
	
	-- Convert coordinates from string to numbers
	local lat = tonumber(args.lat)
	local lon = tonumber(args.lon)
	local precission = tonumber(args.prec or '0')
	local heading = p._getHeading(args.attributes)	-- get heading arrow section
	if lon then -- get longitude to be in -180 to 180 range
		lon=lon%360
		if lon>180 then
			lon = lon-360
		end
	end
	
	-- If wikidata link provided than compare coordinates
	local Categories, geoMicroFormat, coorTag, edit_icon, wikidata_link = '', '', '', '', '', '', ''
	local entity, coord, sd, cmp, locationCat
	local loc = {lat=lat, lon=lon, heading=heading, mode=args.mode, source='loc'}
	local ID = args.wikidata
	if (ID==nil) then 
		entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity()
		if entity and args.namespace == 'Category' then 
			-- this is category connected to Wikidata through sitelink
			ID = getProperty(entity, "P301")
			if getProperty(entity, "P31") == 'Q4167836' and ID then
				-- wikidata item is a "category item" with "category's main topic (P301)" 
				-- follow P301 to the actual item for this category
				entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity(ID)
			end
		end
	elseif type(ID)=='string' and ID:match( '^[QqMm]%d+$' ) then
		entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity(ID)
	elseif type(ID)~='string' and ID.id then
		entity = ID -- entities can be passed from outside
	end
	
	if entity then
		if (args.mode=='object' or args.mode=='globe') then
			sd = getSDCoords(entity,'P9149')  -- fetch coordinates of depicted place
			if not sd.lat then
				sd = getSDCoords(entity,'P625')  -- fallback to coordinate location
			end
		elseif (args.mode=='camera') then
			sd = getSDCoords(entity,'P1259') -- fetch camera coordinates or coordinates of the point of view
		end
		if (args.namespace=='File') then -- look up lat/lon on SDC
			coord, Categories, cmp = compareCoords(loc, sd, args.mode, 'SDC')
			if coord.source~='loc' then
				 edit_icon = core.editAtSDC(coord.source, args.lang)
				 lat, lon, heading, precission = coord.lat, coord.lon, coord.heading, coord.prec
			end
			Categories = Categories .. P625_categories(loc, entity)
		elseif (args.namespace == 'Category') then  -- look up lat/lon on wikidata
			sd.wID = entity.id
			coord, Categories, cmp = compareCoords(loc, sd, args.mode, 'Wikidata')
			if coord.source~='loc' then
				local str = "\n[[File:Wikidata-logo.svg|20px|Field with data from Wikidata's %s property<br/>%s|link=wikidata:%s#%s]]"
				edit_icon = core.editAtWikidata(entity.id, coord.source, args.lang)
				lat, lon, heading, precission = coord.lat, coord.lon, coord.heading, coord.prec
			end
			if cmp.qs then
				wikidata_link = cmp.qs 
			end
		end
	elseif (args.namespace=='File') then
		Categories = Categories .. string.format(CoorCat.strucData4, args.mode, 'SDC')
	end
	
	-- Check if location of creation (P1071) is set and if not, add tracker
	if args.namespace == 'File' and lat and lon then
		locationCat = checkLocationOfCreation(entity, lat, lon)
		if locationCat then
			Categories = Categories .. locationCat
		end
	end

	args.lat  = string.format('%010.6f', lat or 0)
	args.lon  = string.format('%011.6f', lon or 0)
	args.prec = precission
	args.attributes = p.alterAttributes(args.attributes or '', args.mode, heading)
	local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame()

	-- Categories, {{#coordinates}} and geoMicroFormat will be only added to File, Category and Gallery pages
	if (args.namespace == 'File' or args.namespace == 'Category' or args.namespace == 'Gallery') then
		if lat and lon then -- if lat and lon are numbers...
			if lat==0 and lon==0 then -- lat=0 and lon=0 is a common issue when copying from flickr and other sources
				Categories = Categories .. CoorCat.default
			end
			if args.attributes and string.find(args.attributes, '=') then
				Categories = Categories .. CoorCat.attribute
			end
			if (math.abs(lon)>180) or (math.abs(lat)>90) then -- check for errors ({{#coordinates:}} also checks for errors )
				Categories = Categories .. '<span style="color:red;font-weight:bold">Error: Invalid parameters! (coordinates are outside allowed range)</span>\n' .. CoorCat.erroneous
			end
			-- local cat = CoorCat[args.namespace]
			-- if cat then -- add category based on namespace
				-- Categories = Categories .. cat
			-- end
			-- if not earth than add a category for each globe
			if args.mode and args.globe and args.mode=='globe' and args.globe~='Earth' then
				Categories = Categories .. string.format(CoorCat[args.mode], args.globe)
			end
			-- add  <span class="geo"> Geo (microformat) code: it is included for machine readability
			geoMicroFormat = string.format('<span class="geo" style="display:none">%10.6f; %11.6f</span>',lat, lon)
			-- add {{#coordinates}} tag, see https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:GeoData
			if args.namespace == 'File' and Status == 'primary' and args.mode=='camera' then 
				coorTag = frame:callParserFunction( '#coordinates', { 'primary', lat, lon, args.attributes } )
			elseif args.namespace == 'File' and args.mode=='object' then 
				coorTag = frame:callParserFunction( '#coordinates', { lat, lon, args.attributes } )
			end
		else -- if lat and lon are not numbers then add error category
			Categories = Categories .. '<span style="color:red;font-weight:bold">Error: Invalid parameters! (coordinates are missing or not numeric)</span>\n' .. CoorCat.erroneous
		end
	end

	-- Call helper functions to render different parts of the template
	local coor,  info_link, inner_table, OSM = '','','','','',''
	coor = p._GeoHack_link(args)  			-- the p and link to GeoHack
	coor = string.format('<span class=plainlinks>%s</span>%s', coor, edit_icon)
	if heading then  
		local k = math.fmod(math.floor(0.5+math.fmod(heading+360,360)/11.25),32)+1
		local fname = heading_icon[k]
		coor = string.format('%s&nbsp;&nbsp;<span title="%s°">[[%s|25px|link=|alt=Heading=%s°]]</span>', coor, heading, fname, heading)
	end
	if args.globe=='Earth' then
		local icon = 'marker'
		if args.mode=='camera' then 
			icon = 'camera'
		end
		OSM = frame:preprocess(add_maplink(args.lat, args.lon, icon, '[[File:Openstreetmap logo.svg|20px|link=|Kartographer map based on OpenStreetMap.]]')) -- fancy link to OSM
	end
	local external_link = p._externalLinksSection(args) 					-- external link section
	if external_link and args.namespace == 'File' then
		external_link = core.langSwitch(i18n.LocationTemplateLinkLabel, args.lang) .. ' ' .. external_link 	-- header of the link section for {{location}} template
	elseif external_link then
		external_link = core.langSwitch(i18n.ObjectLocationTemplateLinkLabel, args.lang) .. ' ' .. external_link -- header of the link section for {{Object location}} template
	end
	info_link   = string.format('[[File:OOjs UI icon help.svg|18x18px|alt=info|link=%s|class=skin-invert]]', core.langSwitch(i18n.COM_GEO, args.lang) )
	inner_table = string.format('<td style="border:none;">%s&nbsp;%s</td><td style="border:none;">%s</td><td style="border:none;">%s%s%s</td>', 
		coor, OSM, external_link or '', wikidata_link, info_link, geoMicroFormat)
	
	-- combine strings into a table
	local templateText
	if bare then
		templateText  = string.format('<table style="width:100%%"><tr>%s</tr></table>', inner_table)
	else
		-- choose name of the field and create row
		local field_name = 'Location'
		if args.mode=='camera' then 
			field_name = core.langSwitch(i18n.CameraLocation, args.lang)
		elseif args.mode=='object' then 
			field_name = core.langSwitch(i18n.ObjectLocation, args.lang)
		elseif args.mode=='globe' then
			local field_list = core.langSwitch(i18n.GlobeLocation, args.lang)
			if args.globe and i18n.GlobeLocation['en'][args.globe] then -- verify globe is provided and is recognized
				field_name = field_list[args.globe]
			end
		end
		templateText  = string.format('<tr><th class="type fileinfo-paramfield">%s</th>%s</tr>', field_name, inner_table)
		--Create HTML text
		local dir   = mw.language.new( args.lang ):getDir()    -- get text direction
		local style = 'class="toccolours layouttemplate commons-file-information-table" style="width: 100%%;" dir="%s" lang="%s"' 
		style = string.format(style, dir, args.lang)
		templateText  = string.format('<table %s>\n%s\n</table>', style, templateText)
	end
	return templateText, Categories, coorTag
end

function p.LocationTemplateCore(frame)
	local args = core.getArgs(frame)
	args.namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText
	if not args.lat and not args.lon then -- if no lat and lon but numbered arguments present
		if args[4] then -- DMS with pipes format, ex. "34|5|32.36|N|116|9|24|55|W"
			args.lat = dms2deg_ ( args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4] )
			args.lon = dms2deg_ ( args[5], args[6], args[7], args[8] )
			args.attributes = args.attributes or args[9]
		elseif args[2] and not (type(args[2])=='string' and args[2]:find(":")) then -- decimal format or DMS with one pipe, ex. "34° 05′ 32.36″ N| 116° 09′ 24.55″ W"
			args.lat = args[1]
			args.lon = args[2]
			args.attributes = args.attributes or args[3]
		elseif args[1] then -- detect a single argument in the form "34° 05′ 32.36″ N, 116° 09′ 24.55″ W" or similar
			local v = mw.text.split(args[1]:gsub("([NnSs])", "%1/" ), "/") -- split into lat and lon using splitting point after any letter
			args.lat, args.lon = v[1], v[2]
			args.attributes = args.attributes or args[2]
		end
	end
	local cat = ''
	if args.lat and args.lon then
		local lat = tonumber(args.lat)
		local lon = tonumber(args.lon)
		if not lat or not lon then
			args.lat = dms2deg(args.lat or '')
			args.lon = dms2deg(args.lon or '')
			if (args.namespace == 'File' or args.namespace == 'Category') then
				cat = CoorCat.dms
			end
		end
	end
	local templateText, Categories, coorTag = p._LocationTemplateCore(args)
	return templateText .. Categories .. cat .. coorTag
end

return p