The Author uses the 13th century Life of St. Leontios (d. 1185) to explore relations between t... more The Author uses the 13th century Life of St. Leontios (d. 1185) to explore relations between the Byzantine Empire and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. The focus is on those sections of the Life which detail the trip made by Leontios (who was the titular Patriarch of Jerusalem, living in Constantinople) to the Latin Kingdom, via Cyprus, in 1176-1177. Leontios was encouraged to make this unofficial visit by the Emperor Manuel I (1143-1180), but his reception by the Latins was chilly. The articled provides a translation in English of the pertinent sections from the Life. This visit by Leontios is recorded in no Western or Arabic sources, but its veracity is evident, and thus provides a fascinating view not only of Byzantine-Jerusalem relations, but also interactions among the various Christian communities in the Middle East at this time.
The Author has analysed hundreds of Mandate-period documents and revenue stamps to get a good ov... more The Author has analysed hundreds of Mandate-period documents and revenue stamps to get a good overview of how the British mandatory government of Palestine assessed and collected revenue to support its administration.from 1919 to 1948.
An outline follows.
Part One. Palestine Court Fees, History, Dates of Issue and Use
Part Two. Monetary Changes in Mandate Palestine & Trans-Jordan
Part Three. Other revenue stamps: HJZ, OPDA, and Devair.
A. Explanation of the Inscriptions
EEF, = Egyptian Expeditionary Force. OPDA = Ottoman Public Debt Administration. , HJZ = Hejaz Railway Fee. , Devair = Customs Duty.
B. Dates of use of the Devair, HJZ, and OPDA stamps
C. Applications of the Devair, HJZ, and OPDA stamps
1. Combination of Court Fee and other revenue stamps
2. Use of Devair stamps
3. Application of the HJZ and OPDA stamps
Christianity in the Holy Land, (ed) David Jaeger, 1981
Ecclesiology is the study of the self-understanding of an intentional community, here, the Cat... more Ecclesiology is the study of the self-understanding of an intentional community, here, the Catholic and Orthodox Christian churches. This article covers the period 1099-1250, the territory of Palestine. Ten religious communities are covered, mainly the Latin (Franks), Melkite (Greeks), Jacobites (Syrian), and others. Outline: 1. The ecclesiastical province of Jerusalem. 2. The reaction of the Latin West to the Confessionalism of the Holy Land. 3. The historical origins of personal communities. 4. Some lessons for the church. The author explores the historical background to the self-understanding of what comprises a Christian church, and compares this to Muslim models. Conference held at Tantur Ecumenical Institute, April 1979
The History of Jerusalem: Crusaders and Ayyubids (1099-1250) editors Joshua Prawer, Haggai Ben-Shammai. 1250-1099 והאיוביםת הצלבנית התקופהט ירושלים טפר, 1991
The author describes the composition of the inhabitants of Jerusalem at the time of the First Cr... more The author describes the composition of the inhabitants of Jerusalem at the time of the First Crusade (1099): Muslims, Jews, and the various sects of Christians: Latin Franks, Greek Melkites, Syrian Jacobites, Georgians, Armenians, Copts, and Nestorians. The communal structure and leadership of each Christian community is explained, and then the article follows the changes experienced by each community over the next 150 years, as the region was governed by Franks and then by Ayyubids, with intermittent incursions by Khwarizmi and bedouin forces. Estimates of population are also provided. In Hebrew
After a review of the Georgian (Iberian) nation in the medieval Near East, the Author explores th... more After a review of the Georgian (Iberian) nation in the medieval Near East, the Author explores the participation of Georgian soldiers in the invasions of Syria under the Il-Khan Ghazi between 1299 and 1302, with emphasis on political interactions among the various states in the region, and the motives which guided Georgian policies.
After a review of the nature of community law in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, the Author e... more After a review of the nature of community law in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, the Author examines the motives for the development of a system of a distinctive code of law by which the various Christian minority communities governed themselves as subjects of various Muslim regimes. Then the Author examines the Roman sources used to compiles these law codes, how they were influenced by Jewish and Muslim patterns, and the consequences to the practices of the Christian communities by establishing such laws. The period covered is AD 500-1200, the region is Palestine and Syria, with some attention of Mesopotamia and Egypt. The Communities studied are Melkites, Copts, Jacobites, and Nestorians with notice to others in the region.
Middle East Studies Association Bulletin, Dec 1991
The Author explores the formation of the various Christian and Muslim calendars, and explains con... more The Author explores the formation of the various Christian and Muslim calendars, and explains concordances between the Old Style Julian and New Style Gregorian calendars and concordances between these solar calendars and the Muslim hijra lunar calendar. Then the Author describes the motives which led the Ottoman administration to fabricate an artificial Financial or Administrative calendar (the sene-i-maliye or SM) in the 17th century, which tried to imitate the Julian calendar while coinciding with the hijra calendar. Then follows a description of the failure of this SM calendar in 1872 to tie these two systems together, leading to the adoption of the Julian calendar outright, though maintaining a fictive hijra era. Tables are provided to derive Gregorian dates from SM dates,, lists of names of months in Arabic and Turkish, and a Table for the year AD 1917, when the fictive SM era was abandoned and the transition made to the Gregorian calendar, with the loss of two months.
The Author uses the 13th century Life of St. Leontios (d. 1185) to explore relations between t... more The Author uses the 13th century Life of St. Leontios (d. 1185) to explore relations between the Byzantine Empire and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. The focus is on those sections of the Life which detail the trip made by Leontios (who was the titular Patriarch of Jerusalem, living in Constantinople) to the Latin Kingdom, via Cyprus, in 1176-1177. Leontios was encouraged to make this unofficial visit by the Emperor Manuel I (1143-1180), but his reception by the Latins was chilly. The articled provides a translation in English of the pertinent sections from the Life. This visit by Leontios is recorded in no Western or Arabic sources, but its veracity is evident, and thus provides a fascinating view not only of Byzantine-Jerusalem relations, but also interactions among the various Christian communities in the Middle East at this time.
The Horns of Hattin, (ed) B. Z. Kedar, Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi, Jerusalem 1992, 1992
NB - The first page of the article appears at the end.
The article explores the changes experien... more NB - The first page of the article appears at the end.
The article explores the changes experienced by the native Christians of Jerusalem (and environs) from the end of the First Crusader Kingdom in 1187 to the occupation of the region by the Egyptian Mamluks in 1260. The communities covered at the Melkites, Syrian Jacobites, Georgians, and Armenians. The article describes the reasons why and how the monophysite Jacobites benefited most from the transition to Muslim under Saladin and his successors, and why the Melkites were unable to gain much advantage, and why the Latin Church (in Acre) hesitated to return officially to Jerusalem. Military and religious politics provide many of the explanations for these shifts.
NB - The first page of the article appears at the end
The Author uses the 13th century Life of St. Leontios (d. 1185) to explore relations between t... more The Author uses the 13th century Life of St. Leontios (d. 1185) to explore relations between the Byzantine Empire and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. The focus is on those sections of the Life which detail the trip made by Leontios (who was the titular Patriarch of Jerusalem, living in Constantinople) to the Latin Kingdom, via Cyprus, in 1176-1177. Leontios was encouraged to make this unofficial visit by the Emperor Manuel I (1143-1180), but his reception by the Latins was chilly. The articled provides a translation in English of the pertinent sections from the Life. This visit by Leontios is recorded in no Western or Arabic sources, but its veracity is evident, and thus provides a fascinating view not only of Byzantine-Jerusalem relations, but also interactions among the various Christian communities in the Middle East at this time.
The Author has analysed hundreds of Mandate-period documents and revenue stamps to get a good ov... more The Author has analysed hundreds of Mandate-period documents and revenue stamps to get a good overview of how the British mandatory government of Palestine assessed and collected revenue to support its administration.from 1919 to 1948.
An outline follows.
Part One. Palestine Court Fees, History, Dates of Issue and Use
Part Two. Monetary Changes in Mandate Palestine & Trans-Jordan
Part Three. Other revenue stamps: HJZ, OPDA, and Devair.
A. Explanation of the Inscriptions
EEF, = Egyptian Expeditionary Force. OPDA = Ottoman Public Debt Administration. , HJZ = Hejaz Railway Fee. , Devair = Customs Duty.
B. Dates of use of the Devair, HJZ, and OPDA stamps
C. Applications of the Devair, HJZ, and OPDA stamps
1. Combination of Court Fee and other revenue stamps
2. Use of Devair stamps
3. Application of the HJZ and OPDA stamps
Christianity in the Holy Land, (ed) David Jaeger, 1981
Ecclesiology is the study of the self-understanding of an intentional community, here, the Cat... more Ecclesiology is the study of the self-understanding of an intentional community, here, the Catholic and Orthodox Christian churches. This article covers the period 1099-1250, the territory of Palestine. Ten religious communities are covered, mainly the Latin (Franks), Melkite (Greeks), Jacobites (Syrian), and others. Outline: 1. The ecclesiastical province of Jerusalem. 2. The reaction of the Latin West to the Confessionalism of the Holy Land. 3. The historical origins of personal communities. 4. Some lessons for the church. The author explores the historical background to the self-understanding of what comprises a Christian church, and compares this to Muslim models. Conference held at Tantur Ecumenical Institute, April 1979
The History of Jerusalem: Crusaders and Ayyubids (1099-1250) editors Joshua Prawer, Haggai Ben-Shammai. 1250-1099 והאיוביםת הצלבנית התקופהט ירושלים טפר, 1991
The author describes the composition of the inhabitants of Jerusalem at the time of the First Cr... more The author describes the composition of the inhabitants of Jerusalem at the time of the First Crusade (1099): Muslims, Jews, and the various sects of Christians: Latin Franks, Greek Melkites, Syrian Jacobites, Georgians, Armenians, Copts, and Nestorians. The communal structure and leadership of each Christian community is explained, and then the article follows the changes experienced by each community over the next 150 years, as the region was governed by Franks and then by Ayyubids, with intermittent incursions by Khwarizmi and bedouin forces. Estimates of population are also provided. In Hebrew
After a review of the Georgian (Iberian) nation in the medieval Near East, the Author explores th... more After a review of the Georgian (Iberian) nation in the medieval Near East, the Author explores the participation of Georgian soldiers in the invasions of Syria under the Il-Khan Ghazi between 1299 and 1302, with emphasis on political interactions among the various states in the region, and the motives which guided Georgian policies.
After a review of the nature of community law in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, the Author e... more After a review of the nature of community law in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, the Author examines the motives for the development of a system of a distinctive code of law by which the various Christian minority communities governed themselves as subjects of various Muslim regimes. Then the Author examines the Roman sources used to compiles these law codes, how they were influenced by Jewish and Muslim patterns, and the consequences to the practices of the Christian communities by establishing such laws. The period covered is AD 500-1200, the region is Palestine and Syria, with some attention of Mesopotamia and Egypt. The Communities studied are Melkites, Copts, Jacobites, and Nestorians with notice to others in the region.
Middle East Studies Association Bulletin, Dec 1991
The Author explores the formation of the various Christian and Muslim calendars, and explains con... more The Author explores the formation of the various Christian and Muslim calendars, and explains concordances between the Old Style Julian and New Style Gregorian calendars and concordances between these solar calendars and the Muslim hijra lunar calendar. Then the Author describes the motives which led the Ottoman administration to fabricate an artificial Financial or Administrative calendar (the sene-i-maliye or SM) in the 17th century, which tried to imitate the Julian calendar while coinciding with the hijra calendar. Then follows a description of the failure of this SM calendar in 1872 to tie these two systems together, leading to the adoption of the Julian calendar outright, though maintaining a fictive hijra era. Tables are provided to derive Gregorian dates from SM dates,, lists of names of months in Arabic and Turkish, and a Table for the year AD 1917, when the fictive SM era was abandoned and the transition made to the Gregorian calendar, with the loss of two months.
The Author uses the 13th century Life of St. Leontios (d. 1185) to explore relations between t... more The Author uses the 13th century Life of St. Leontios (d. 1185) to explore relations between the Byzantine Empire and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. The focus is on those sections of the Life which detail the trip made by Leontios (who was the titular Patriarch of Jerusalem, living in Constantinople) to the Latin Kingdom, via Cyprus, in 1176-1177. Leontios was encouraged to make this unofficial visit by the Emperor Manuel I (1143-1180), but his reception by the Latins was chilly. The articled provides a translation in English of the pertinent sections from the Life. This visit by Leontios is recorded in no Western or Arabic sources, but its veracity is evident, and thus provides a fascinating view not only of Byzantine-Jerusalem relations, but also interactions among the various Christian communities in the Middle East at this time.
The Horns of Hattin, (ed) B. Z. Kedar, Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi, Jerusalem 1992, 1992
NB - The first page of the article appears at the end.
The article explores the changes experien... more NB - The first page of the article appears at the end.
The article explores the changes experienced by the native Christians of Jerusalem (and environs) from the end of the First Crusader Kingdom in 1187 to the occupation of the region by the Egyptian Mamluks in 1260. The communities covered at the Melkites, Syrian Jacobites, Georgians, and Armenians. The article describes the reasons why and how the monophysite Jacobites benefited most from the transition to Muslim under Saladin and his successors, and why the Melkites were unable to gain much advantage, and why the Latin Church (in Acre) hesitated to return officially to Jerusalem. Military and religious politics provide many of the explanations for these shifts.
NB - The first page of the article appears at the end
Uploads
Papers by Richard B. Rose
An outline follows.
Part One. Palestine Court Fees, History, Dates of Issue and Use
Part Two. Monetary Changes in Mandate Palestine & Trans-Jordan
Part Three. Other revenue stamps: HJZ, OPDA, and Devair.
A. Explanation of the Inscriptions
EEF, = Egyptian Expeditionary Force. OPDA = Ottoman Public Debt Administration. , HJZ = Hejaz Railway Fee. , Devair = Customs Duty.
B. Dates of use of the Devair, HJZ, and OPDA stamps
C. Applications of the Devair, HJZ, and OPDA stamps
1. Combination of Court Fee and other revenue stamps
2. Use of Devair stamps
3. Application of the HJZ and OPDA stamps
The article explores the changes experienced by the native Christians of Jerusalem (and environs) from the end of the First Crusader Kingdom in 1187 to the occupation of the region by the Egyptian Mamluks in 1260. The communities covered at the Melkites, Syrian Jacobites, Georgians, and Armenians. The article describes the reasons why and how the monophysite Jacobites benefited most from the transition to Muslim under Saladin and his successors, and why the Melkites were unable to gain much advantage, and why the Latin Church (in Acre) hesitated to return officially to Jerusalem. Military and religious politics provide many of the explanations for these shifts.
NB - The first page of the article appears at the end
An outline follows.
Part One. Palestine Court Fees, History, Dates of Issue and Use
Part Two. Monetary Changes in Mandate Palestine & Trans-Jordan
Part Three. Other revenue stamps: HJZ, OPDA, and Devair.
A. Explanation of the Inscriptions
EEF, = Egyptian Expeditionary Force. OPDA = Ottoman Public Debt Administration. , HJZ = Hejaz Railway Fee. , Devair = Customs Duty.
B. Dates of use of the Devair, HJZ, and OPDA stamps
C. Applications of the Devair, HJZ, and OPDA stamps
1. Combination of Court Fee and other revenue stamps
2. Use of Devair stamps
3. Application of the HJZ and OPDA stamps
The article explores the changes experienced by the native Christians of Jerusalem (and environs) from the end of the First Crusader Kingdom in 1187 to the occupation of the region by the Egyptian Mamluks in 1260. The communities covered at the Melkites, Syrian Jacobites, Georgians, and Armenians. The article describes the reasons why and how the monophysite Jacobites benefited most from the transition to Muslim under Saladin and his successors, and why the Melkites were unable to gain much advantage, and why the Latin Church (in Acre) hesitated to return officially to Jerusalem. Military and religious politics provide many of the explanations for these shifts.
NB - The first page of the article appears at the end