Tell el-Ghaba, norte de Sinaí, Egipto. Alimentación, producción e intercambios, 2006
Resumen En el Area II, ubicada al norte de Tell el-Ghaba, se encuentran los Edificios C, D y L. L... more Resumen En el Area II, ubicada al norte de Tell el-Ghaba, se encuentran los Edificios C, D y L. Los Edificios C y D están construidos en adobes en forma de casamatas y están orientados NNE-SSO; debajo del Edificio D, el Edificio L ha sido parcialmente excavado. El presente trabajo analiza el material cerámico egipcio e importado hallado en los contextos de las estructuras C y L junto con 10s otros hallazgos especiales, no cerámicos. El objetivo es establecer la posible funcionalidad de este sector que, según podemos inferir, pudo haber estado relacionado con el almacenamiento de bienes de subsistencia. This work deals with the Egyptian and imported pottery found in contexts as well the small finds retrieved in them. Our aim is recognizing the function of this Area that according to our preliminary analysis allows us to presume that it was especially related to the storage of staple goods.Fil: Lupo, Silvia Alicia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Basílico, Susana Teresa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina. Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentin
Actas del V Congreso Ibérico de Egiptología: V Congreso Ibérico de Egiptología, Cuenca, 9 a 12 de marzo de 2015, 2017, ISBN 978-84-9044-240-1, págs. 1147-1158, 2017
Building B is located at Tell el-Ghaba Area I, Level IV. It is a mudbrick rectangular domestic bu... more Building B is located at Tell el-Ghaba Area I, Level IV. It is a mudbrick rectangular domestic building erected without foundation trenches. It includes six rooms and a small deposit where several vessels were found in situ. In this paper, we aim recognizing the activities carried out in each room and their possible functionality. For this, we consider diverse archaeological material, with special emphasis in pottery. The ceramic repertoire is abundant, including Nile and Marl clay vessels and a small number of Phoenician and Cypriot vessels. KEY WORDS: Sinai; Tell el-Ghaba; Building B; Contexts and Activities; Pottery Assemblage and Small Finds.
Tell el-Ghaba lies on the Egyptian Eastern border, close to the Ways of Horus, the route that lin... more Tell el-Ghaba lies on the Egyptian Eastern border, close to the Ways of Horus, the route that linked Egypt with Palestine. It is located between Tell Hebua to the west and Tell Kedua to the east, at the edge of the eastern part of a lagoon, near the former Pelusiac branch of the Nile. Excavations in Areas I, II and VI revealed flimsy structures, residential and public mudbrick buildings and industrial workshops, and several occupational levels. A violent conflagration put an end to Tell el-Ghaba as indicated by the dark and charcoal rich sediment with oxidation lenses that formed a thick layer over underlying strata in all the excavated areas.1 During the years 1995-1999, the site of Tell el-Ghaba was excavated by the Argentine Archaeological Mission. In 2010, fieldwork and lab activities were resumed by means of a grant from the National Bureau of Scientific and Technological Promotion of Argentina. By the end of that season, a geomagnetic survey of the site was carried out by a te...
Proceedings of the XI International Congress of Egyptologists, Florence, Italy 23-30 August 2015, 2017
Tell el-Ghaba is an archaeological site of the Third Intermediate/Early Saite period located in t... more Tell el-Ghaba is an archaeological site of the Third Intermediate/Early Saite period located in the former eastern end of the Delta, connected to the now defunct Pelusiac Branch. Building B was a domestic mud brick construction of 13 x 9m, comprising six rooms and a small magazine or storage room. The entrance was probably oriented towards the badly preserved southeast corner, where a mud brick yard or porch seems to have been built. The presence of a hearth intercalated among the mud bricks of the western external wall, the different composition and size of the upper mud bricks and the renewed floors are clear indications that Building B was refurbished. Two ovens, each with an auxiliary platform, were recovered: one of them was bonded to the walls and the other was just attached. In order to recreate the household activities that may have taken place in each room, and the function that Building B may have played in the context of the site, we will only consider the material found on the floors. Food preparation, cooking, consumption and storage activities seem to have been important, as indicated by the presence of the aforementioned magazine and the two ovens. The latter suggest that Building B may have been the residence of an extended family that lived there, perhaps for several generations, as denoted by the refurbishment of the building. High economic status can be inferred from the presence of a gold bead, a few Upper Egyptian vessels and small fine Cypriote Black-on-Red ridge-neck juglets.
Trabajos de Egiptología. Papers on Ancient Egypt, 2019
Tell el-Ghaba, located at the Egyptian Eastern border of the Nile Delta and close to the extinct ... more Tell el-Ghaba, located at the Egyptian Eastern border of the Nile Delta and close to the extinct Pelusiac branch of the Nile, is a settlement dated to the beginning of the Third Intermediate-early Saite periods. The pottery contexts and other finds recovered in Building B (Area I, Level IV) allow us to infer the relationship established between their residents and the domestic artifacts they handled on a daily basis. The idea of ‘multifunctionality’ is applied to the use of residential spaces, based on the presence of domestic contexts that point to the performance of a variety of activities. The activities within the room were intimately linked to internal social factors as well as to the relationship with outdoor space, both planned according to certain social expectations. This building would have been the residence of an extended family for several generations, as evidenced by several refurbishments. The ceramic group has been mainly associated with storage activities, consumpti...
Revista del Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental, 2010
La localizacion del sitio de Tell el-Ghaba en el norte de Sinai forma parte de la politica expans... more La localizacion del sitio de Tell el-Ghaba en el norte de Sinai forma parte de la politica expansionista hacia el Levante de los reyes de la Dinastia XXVI, situacion coincidente con el apogeo de los intercambios comerciales en toda la cuenca del Mediterraneo oriental. A partir del estudio de la ceramica no local nos propusimos reconstruir las relaciones Tell el-Ghaba mantuvo por un lado, a nivel regional, con los sitios vecinos que conformaban la red de defensa del limite nororiental y con el Alto Egipto y, por el otro, con las areas que integraban el circuito comercial del Levante y el Mediterraneo Oriental entre los siglos VII y VI a.C. Se concluye que a pesar de que Tell el-Ghaba mantuvo probablemente contactos por via fluvial con sitios del delta, wadi Tumilat y Sinai, tales como Dephenneh, Maskhuta y Qedwa, su material presenta caracteristicas similares al de estos asentamientos pero otras que le son propias. Asimismo, se destaca el papel que pueden haber cumplido Ascalon y Ruq...
Aula Orientalis Revista De Estudios Del Proximo Oriente Antiguo, 2004
The settlement pattern and functionality of Kerma is analyzed in the frame of the archaeological ... more The settlement pattern and functionality of Kerma is analyzed in the frame of the archaeological and textual evidences. It is argued that the intensive trade relations with Central Africa conferred Kerma an important place among the Nubian cultures of the 3rd and 2nd millennium BC, which aimed controlling the interchange routes beyond the 3rd cataract, and favoured the arrival of exotic goods to the Egyptian court through the Nubian middlemen of Lower Nubia.
The Tell el-Ghaba project was born as part of an international project launched in the early 1990... more The Tell el-Ghaba project was born as part of an international project launched in the early 1990s by the Egyptian government and UNESCO to save the monuments of North Sinai threatened by the imminent construction of the El-Salam Canal and its distributaries. This is the third volume of the work undertaken by the Argentine Archaeological Mission (AAM) at Tell el-Ghaba in North Sinai. This volume of Tell el-Ghaba consolidates and extends the results of the excavations undertaken in the first stage between 1995 and 1999 and includes the results of the fieldwork conducted in the second stage in 2010. The overall objective of this project is to study the history, archaeology and environment of Tell el-Ghaba. Our research has been directed at developing a deep knowledge of the site: its environment, occupancy levels, architecture, economy, urban planning and social structure, and towards understanding the role of Tell el-Ghaba at a regional level, taking into account its particular location in the north-eastern boundary of the Delta and its proximity to the route that once connected Egypt with the south of Palestine. The volume is divided into an introduction and four main sections: The environmental and physical studies; the fieldwork; pottery; other finds.
RESUMEN: Este trabajo tiene el propósito de presentar las representaciones iconográficas del dios... more RESUMEN: Este trabajo tiene el propósito de presentar las representaciones iconográficas del dios Bes halladas en Tell el-Ghaba, norte de Sinaí, Egipto, e inferir el papel que estos hallazgos puedieron haber desempeñado en la religiosidad de sus habitantes. Tell el-Ghaba yace la llanura costera del Sinaí, en lo que alguna vez fue el antiguo Delta oriental. Conforme al repertorio cerámico recuperado en el sitio, Tell el-Ghaba fue datado a comienzos del Tercer Periodo Intermedio-periodo Saíta temprano, cuando fue destruido y abandonado. Palabras claves: Egipto-Tell el-Ghaba-Bes-Tercer-Periodo Intermedio-periodo Saíta Temprano. ABSTRACT: This paper aims to present the god Bes figurines recovered at Tell el-Ghaba, in North Sinai, Egypt, and the role these finds may have played regarding the religiousness of its people. Tell el-Ghaba lies in the northern coastal plain of the Sinai Peninsula, in what was once the Eastern Nile Delta. According to the ceramic repertoire recovered at the sit...
Tell el-Ghaba is an archaeological site of the Third Intermediate/Early Saite period located in t... more Tell el-Ghaba is an archaeological site of the Third Intermediate/Early Saite period located in the former eastern end of the Delta, connected to the now defunct Pelusiac Branch. Building B was a domestic mud brick construction of 13 x 9m, comprising six rooms and a small magazine or storage room. The entrance was probably oriented towards the badly preserved southeast corner, where a mud brick yard or porch seems to have been built. The presence of a hearth intercalated among the mud bricks of the western external wall, the different composition and size of the upper mud bricks and the renewed floors are clear indications that Building B was refurbished. Two ovens, each with an auxiliary platform, were recovered: one of them was bonded to the walls and the other was just attached. In order to recreate the household activities that may have taken place in each room, and the function that Building B may have played in the context of the site, we will only consider the material found ...
The concepts of territory and territoriality are analysed on the basis of anthropological and arc... more The concepts of territory and territoriality are analysed on the basis of anthropological and archaeological data. It is assumed that territory and territoriality are more complex concepts than simple space occupation. For the case of Egypt in the Old Kingdom, the author of this volume considers different variables related to the ideology and to the socio-political and economic systems of the Egyptian state. Its consolidation, the royal power legitimisation and that of the elite, and the socio-political and economic system are here considered from their unification in the Early Dynastic period, to the Old Kingdom, when the state expanded and its political and ideological maturity was achieved.
... Territory and territoriality in ancient Egypt. An alternative interpretation for the early dy... more ... Territory and territoriality in ancient Egypt. An alternative interpretation for the early dynastic and old kingdom periods = Territoire et territorialité dans l'Egypte ancienne. Une interprétation alternative pour l'époque thinite et l'Ancien Empire. Auteur(s) / Author(s). LUPO Silvia (1) ; ...
Summary: Domestic and Industrial Kilns at Tell el-Ghaba, North Sinai, Egypt Tell el-Ghaba lies on... more Summary: Domestic and Industrial Kilns at Tell el-Ghaba, North Sinai, Egypt Tell el-Ghaba lies on the north coastal plain of the Sinai Peninsula, in what, inPharaonic times, was the most eastern border of the Nile Delta. The excavations of Level V in adjacent Areas I and VIII (to the south of the site) shed new light regarding the activities carried out by its population after the decay of Buildings B and K and before the final destruction of the site. About 200 m2 were partially uncovered, exposing an area of industrial workshops. These mainly comprise ovens and kilns generally associated with runnels for the drainage of melted material. Faience and metal slag was found in many of these features. Since numerous fish bones and sherds of household Egyptian pottery were also recovered, it seems that some of these fire features also served for domestic tasks. In what seems to have been an open area, two limestone mortars for pounding grain were found in situ. Regarding the chronology of Level V, the Egyptian pottery recovered corresponds to types that may be dated by the end of the Third Intermediate and the early Saite periods. Combustion features were also uncovered in Area II (to the north of the site). In Area II East, the excavation of two trenches exposed ovens and kilns that may have been part of another industrial workshop. In Area II West, three combustion features were active during the erection of Building C, although they ceased to function when the building was already in use.
The datation of Tell el-Ghaba, North Sinai, Egypt, is based upon the study of the Egyptian and im... more The datation of Tell el-Ghaba, North Sinai, Egypt, is based upon the study of the Egyptian and imported pottery within its stratigraphic context, together with other cultural material present at the site. Comparison is made with pottery coming from other sites in Egypt (Eastern Delta, Sinai and Upper Egypt) dated to the same period, and from the Levant and the Eastem Mediterranean. Historical records are considered too. The setting up of a ceramic corpus, now in progress, will let to establish definitively the datation of the site.
The Third Intermediate Period (c. 1070–664 BC) in Egypt is a challenging subject in the field of ... more The Third Intermediate Period (c. 1070–664 BC) in Egypt is a challenging subject in the field of Egyptology. Our understanding of the politics, economy and chronology of this period is still relatively limited, and it is therefore a significant gap in our knowledge. New archaeological excavations in the Nile Delta and beyond, and the reassessment of material culture and archaeological remains from older excavations, have, however, increased our understanding of this period. In particular, the new excavations in Upper and Lower Egypt and in Sinai have definitively helped to redefine our understanding of the chronology, material culture, settlement patterns and architectural features of this period.
Tell el-Ghaba, norte de Sinaí, Egipto. Alimentación, producción e intercambios, 2006
Resumen En el Area II, ubicada al norte de Tell el-Ghaba, se encuentran los Edificios C, D y L. L... more Resumen En el Area II, ubicada al norte de Tell el-Ghaba, se encuentran los Edificios C, D y L. Los Edificios C y D están construidos en adobes en forma de casamatas y están orientados NNE-SSO; debajo del Edificio D, el Edificio L ha sido parcialmente excavado. El presente trabajo analiza el material cerámico egipcio e importado hallado en los contextos de las estructuras C y L junto con 10s otros hallazgos especiales, no cerámicos. El objetivo es establecer la posible funcionalidad de este sector que, según podemos inferir, pudo haber estado relacionado con el almacenamiento de bienes de subsistencia. This work deals with the Egyptian and imported pottery found in contexts as well the small finds retrieved in them. Our aim is recognizing the function of this Area that according to our preliminary analysis allows us to presume that it was especially related to the storage of staple goods.Fil: Lupo, Silvia Alicia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Basílico, Susana Teresa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina. Universidad Católica Argentina. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentin
Actas del V Congreso Ibérico de Egiptología: V Congreso Ibérico de Egiptología, Cuenca, 9 a 12 de marzo de 2015, 2017, ISBN 978-84-9044-240-1, págs. 1147-1158, 2017
Building B is located at Tell el-Ghaba Area I, Level IV. It is a mudbrick rectangular domestic bu... more Building B is located at Tell el-Ghaba Area I, Level IV. It is a mudbrick rectangular domestic building erected without foundation trenches. It includes six rooms and a small deposit where several vessels were found in situ. In this paper, we aim recognizing the activities carried out in each room and their possible functionality. For this, we consider diverse archaeological material, with special emphasis in pottery. The ceramic repertoire is abundant, including Nile and Marl clay vessels and a small number of Phoenician and Cypriot vessels. KEY WORDS: Sinai; Tell el-Ghaba; Building B; Contexts and Activities; Pottery Assemblage and Small Finds.
Tell el-Ghaba lies on the Egyptian Eastern border, close to the Ways of Horus, the route that lin... more Tell el-Ghaba lies on the Egyptian Eastern border, close to the Ways of Horus, the route that linked Egypt with Palestine. It is located between Tell Hebua to the west and Tell Kedua to the east, at the edge of the eastern part of a lagoon, near the former Pelusiac branch of the Nile. Excavations in Areas I, II and VI revealed flimsy structures, residential and public mudbrick buildings and industrial workshops, and several occupational levels. A violent conflagration put an end to Tell el-Ghaba as indicated by the dark and charcoal rich sediment with oxidation lenses that formed a thick layer over underlying strata in all the excavated areas.1 During the years 1995-1999, the site of Tell el-Ghaba was excavated by the Argentine Archaeological Mission. In 2010, fieldwork and lab activities were resumed by means of a grant from the National Bureau of Scientific and Technological Promotion of Argentina. By the end of that season, a geomagnetic survey of the site was carried out by a te...
Proceedings of the XI International Congress of Egyptologists, Florence, Italy 23-30 August 2015, 2017
Tell el-Ghaba is an archaeological site of the Third Intermediate/Early Saite period located in t... more Tell el-Ghaba is an archaeological site of the Third Intermediate/Early Saite period located in the former eastern end of the Delta, connected to the now defunct Pelusiac Branch. Building B was a domestic mud brick construction of 13 x 9m, comprising six rooms and a small magazine or storage room. The entrance was probably oriented towards the badly preserved southeast corner, where a mud brick yard or porch seems to have been built. The presence of a hearth intercalated among the mud bricks of the western external wall, the different composition and size of the upper mud bricks and the renewed floors are clear indications that Building B was refurbished. Two ovens, each with an auxiliary platform, were recovered: one of them was bonded to the walls and the other was just attached. In order to recreate the household activities that may have taken place in each room, and the function that Building B may have played in the context of the site, we will only consider the material found on the floors. Food preparation, cooking, consumption and storage activities seem to have been important, as indicated by the presence of the aforementioned magazine and the two ovens. The latter suggest that Building B may have been the residence of an extended family that lived there, perhaps for several generations, as denoted by the refurbishment of the building. High economic status can be inferred from the presence of a gold bead, a few Upper Egyptian vessels and small fine Cypriote Black-on-Red ridge-neck juglets.
Trabajos de Egiptología. Papers on Ancient Egypt, 2019
Tell el-Ghaba, located at the Egyptian Eastern border of the Nile Delta and close to the extinct ... more Tell el-Ghaba, located at the Egyptian Eastern border of the Nile Delta and close to the extinct Pelusiac branch of the Nile, is a settlement dated to the beginning of the Third Intermediate-early Saite periods. The pottery contexts and other finds recovered in Building B (Area I, Level IV) allow us to infer the relationship established between their residents and the domestic artifacts they handled on a daily basis. The idea of ‘multifunctionality’ is applied to the use of residential spaces, based on the presence of domestic contexts that point to the performance of a variety of activities. The activities within the room were intimately linked to internal social factors as well as to the relationship with outdoor space, both planned according to certain social expectations. This building would have been the residence of an extended family for several generations, as evidenced by several refurbishments. The ceramic group has been mainly associated with storage activities, consumpti...
Revista del Instituto de Historia Antigua Oriental, 2010
La localizacion del sitio de Tell el-Ghaba en el norte de Sinai forma parte de la politica expans... more La localizacion del sitio de Tell el-Ghaba en el norte de Sinai forma parte de la politica expansionista hacia el Levante de los reyes de la Dinastia XXVI, situacion coincidente con el apogeo de los intercambios comerciales en toda la cuenca del Mediterraneo oriental. A partir del estudio de la ceramica no local nos propusimos reconstruir las relaciones Tell el-Ghaba mantuvo por un lado, a nivel regional, con los sitios vecinos que conformaban la red de defensa del limite nororiental y con el Alto Egipto y, por el otro, con las areas que integraban el circuito comercial del Levante y el Mediterraneo Oriental entre los siglos VII y VI a.C. Se concluye que a pesar de que Tell el-Ghaba mantuvo probablemente contactos por via fluvial con sitios del delta, wadi Tumilat y Sinai, tales como Dephenneh, Maskhuta y Qedwa, su material presenta caracteristicas similares al de estos asentamientos pero otras que le son propias. Asimismo, se destaca el papel que pueden haber cumplido Ascalon y Ruq...
Aula Orientalis Revista De Estudios Del Proximo Oriente Antiguo, 2004
The settlement pattern and functionality of Kerma is analyzed in the frame of the archaeological ... more The settlement pattern and functionality of Kerma is analyzed in the frame of the archaeological and textual evidences. It is argued that the intensive trade relations with Central Africa conferred Kerma an important place among the Nubian cultures of the 3rd and 2nd millennium BC, which aimed controlling the interchange routes beyond the 3rd cataract, and favoured the arrival of exotic goods to the Egyptian court through the Nubian middlemen of Lower Nubia.
The Tell el-Ghaba project was born as part of an international project launched in the early 1990... more The Tell el-Ghaba project was born as part of an international project launched in the early 1990s by the Egyptian government and UNESCO to save the monuments of North Sinai threatened by the imminent construction of the El-Salam Canal and its distributaries. This is the third volume of the work undertaken by the Argentine Archaeological Mission (AAM) at Tell el-Ghaba in North Sinai. This volume of Tell el-Ghaba consolidates and extends the results of the excavations undertaken in the first stage between 1995 and 1999 and includes the results of the fieldwork conducted in the second stage in 2010. The overall objective of this project is to study the history, archaeology and environment of Tell el-Ghaba. Our research has been directed at developing a deep knowledge of the site: its environment, occupancy levels, architecture, economy, urban planning and social structure, and towards understanding the role of Tell el-Ghaba at a regional level, taking into account its particular location in the north-eastern boundary of the Delta and its proximity to the route that once connected Egypt with the south of Palestine. The volume is divided into an introduction and four main sections: The environmental and physical studies; the fieldwork; pottery; other finds.
RESUMEN: Este trabajo tiene el propósito de presentar las representaciones iconográficas del dios... more RESUMEN: Este trabajo tiene el propósito de presentar las representaciones iconográficas del dios Bes halladas en Tell el-Ghaba, norte de Sinaí, Egipto, e inferir el papel que estos hallazgos puedieron haber desempeñado en la religiosidad de sus habitantes. Tell el-Ghaba yace la llanura costera del Sinaí, en lo que alguna vez fue el antiguo Delta oriental. Conforme al repertorio cerámico recuperado en el sitio, Tell el-Ghaba fue datado a comienzos del Tercer Periodo Intermedio-periodo Saíta temprano, cuando fue destruido y abandonado. Palabras claves: Egipto-Tell el-Ghaba-Bes-Tercer-Periodo Intermedio-periodo Saíta Temprano. ABSTRACT: This paper aims to present the god Bes figurines recovered at Tell el-Ghaba, in North Sinai, Egypt, and the role these finds may have played regarding the religiousness of its people. Tell el-Ghaba lies in the northern coastal plain of the Sinai Peninsula, in what was once the Eastern Nile Delta. According to the ceramic repertoire recovered at the sit...
Tell el-Ghaba is an archaeological site of the Third Intermediate/Early Saite period located in t... more Tell el-Ghaba is an archaeological site of the Third Intermediate/Early Saite period located in the former eastern end of the Delta, connected to the now defunct Pelusiac Branch. Building B was a domestic mud brick construction of 13 x 9m, comprising six rooms and a small magazine or storage room. The entrance was probably oriented towards the badly preserved southeast corner, where a mud brick yard or porch seems to have been built. The presence of a hearth intercalated among the mud bricks of the western external wall, the different composition and size of the upper mud bricks and the renewed floors are clear indications that Building B was refurbished. Two ovens, each with an auxiliary platform, were recovered: one of them was bonded to the walls and the other was just attached. In order to recreate the household activities that may have taken place in each room, and the function that Building B may have played in the context of the site, we will only consider the material found ...
The concepts of territory and territoriality are analysed on the basis of anthropological and arc... more The concepts of territory and territoriality are analysed on the basis of anthropological and archaeological data. It is assumed that territory and territoriality are more complex concepts than simple space occupation. For the case of Egypt in the Old Kingdom, the author of this volume considers different variables related to the ideology and to the socio-political and economic systems of the Egyptian state. Its consolidation, the royal power legitimisation and that of the elite, and the socio-political and economic system are here considered from their unification in the Early Dynastic period, to the Old Kingdom, when the state expanded and its political and ideological maturity was achieved.
... Territory and territoriality in ancient Egypt. An alternative interpretation for the early dy... more ... Territory and territoriality in ancient Egypt. An alternative interpretation for the early dynastic and old kingdom periods = Territoire et territorialité dans l'Egypte ancienne. Une interprétation alternative pour l'époque thinite et l'Ancien Empire. Auteur(s) / Author(s). LUPO Silvia (1) ; ...
Summary: Domestic and Industrial Kilns at Tell el-Ghaba, North Sinai, Egypt Tell el-Ghaba lies on... more Summary: Domestic and Industrial Kilns at Tell el-Ghaba, North Sinai, Egypt Tell el-Ghaba lies on the north coastal plain of the Sinai Peninsula, in what, inPharaonic times, was the most eastern border of the Nile Delta. The excavations of Level V in adjacent Areas I and VIII (to the south of the site) shed new light regarding the activities carried out by its population after the decay of Buildings B and K and before the final destruction of the site. About 200 m2 were partially uncovered, exposing an area of industrial workshops. These mainly comprise ovens and kilns generally associated with runnels for the drainage of melted material. Faience and metal slag was found in many of these features. Since numerous fish bones and sherds of household Egyptian pottery were also recovered, it seems that some of these fire features also served for domestic tasks. In what seems to have been an open area, two limestone mortars for pounding grain were found in situ. Regarding the chronology of Level V, the Egyptian pottery recovered corresponds to types that may be dated by the end of the Third Intermediate and the early Saite periods. Combustion features were also uncovered in Area II (to the north of the site). In Area II East, the excavation of two trenches exposed ovens and kilns that may have been part of another industrial workshop. In Area II West, three combustion features were active during the erection of Building C, although they ceased to function when the building was already in use.
The datation of Tell el-Ghaba, North Sinai, Egypt, is based upon the study of the Egyptian and im... more The datation of Tell el-Ghaba, North Sinai, Egypt, is based upon the study of the Egyptian and imported pottery within its stratigraphic context, together with other cultural material present at the site. Comparison is made with pottery coming from other sites in Egypt (Eastern Delta, Sinai and Upper Egypt) dated to the same period, and from the Levant and the Eastem Mediterranean. Historical records are considered too. The setting up of a ceramic corpus, now in progress, will let to establish definitively the datation of the site.
The Third Intermediate Period (c. 1070–664 BC) in Egypt is a challenging subject in the field of ... more The Third Intermediate Period (c. 1070–664 BC) in Egypt is a challenging subject in the field of Egyptology. Our understanding of the politics, economy and chronology of this period is still relatively limited, and it is therefore a significant gap in our knowledge. New archaeological excavations in the Nile Delta and beyond, and the reassessment of material culture and archaeological remains from older excavations, have, however, increased our understanding of this period. In particular, the new excavations in Upper and Lower Egypt and in Sinai have definitively helped to redefine our understanding of the chronology, material culture, settlement patterns and architectural features of this period.
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