University of Illinois at Chicago
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Stability of Tschirnhausen Bundles
No full textLet α: X → Y be a general degree r primitive map of nonsingular, irreducible, projective curves over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero or larger than r. We prove that the Tschirnhausen bundle of α is semistable if g(Y) ≥ 1 and stable if g(Y) ≥ 2
Profession Video: Occupational Therapy Profession - Roles and Responsibilities
No full textThis video prepares all members of the health care team to collaborate with individuals in the Occupational Therapy profession. The video provides an overview of the roles and responsibilities of occupational therapists in the US Health Care System, the educational preparation for a career in occupational therapy, challenges, and future developments in the profession.</p
A Different Approach to Agency Theory and Implications For ESG
No full textIn conventional agency theory, the agent is modeled as exerting unobservable “effort” that influences the distribution over outcomes the principal cares about. Recent papers instead allow the agent to choose the entire distribution, an assumption that better describes the extensive and flexible control that CEOs have over firm outcomes. Under this assumption, the optimal contract rewards the agent directly for outcomes the principal cares about, rather than for what those outcomes reveal about the agent’s effort. This article briefly summarizes this new agency model and discusses its implications for contracting on ESG activities
Socioecologic Factors and Racial Differences in Breast Cancer Multigene Prognostic Scores in US Women
No full textIMPORTANCE: Disproportionately aggressive tumor biology among non-Hispanic Black women with early-stage, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer contributes to racial disparities in breast cancer mortality. It is unclear whether socioecologic factors underlie racial differences in breast tumor biology. OBJECTIVE: To examine individual-level (insurance status) and contextual (area-level socioeconomic position and rural or urban residence) factors as possible mediators of racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence of ER-positive breast tumors with aggressive biology, as indicated by a high-risk gene expression profile. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study included women 18 years or older diagnosed with stage I to II, ER-positive breast cancer between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2015. All data analyses were conducted between December 2022 and April 2023. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was the likelihood of a high-risk recurrence score (RS) (≥26) on the Oncotype DX 21-gene breast tumor prognostic genomic biomarker. RESULTS: Among 69 139 women (mean [SD] age, 57.7 [10.5] years; 6310 Hispanic [9.1%], 274 non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaskan Native [0.4%], 6017 non-Hispanic Asian and Pacific Islander [8.7%], 5380 non-Hispanic Black [7.8%], and 51 158 non-Hispanic White [74.0%]) included in our analysis, non-Hispanic Black (odds ratio [OR], 1.33; 95% CI, 1.23-1.43) and non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native women (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.01-1.86) had greater likelihood of a high-risk RS compared with non-Hispanic White women. There were no significant differences among other racial and ethnic groups. Compared with non-Hispanic White patients, there were greater odds of a high-risk RS for non-Hispanic Black women residing in urban areas (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.24-1.46), but not among rural residents (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.77-1.41). Mediation analysis demonstrated that lack of insurance, county-level disadvantage, and urban vs rural residence partially explained the greater odds of a high-risk RS among non-Hispanic Black women (proportion mediated, 17%; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The findings of this cohort study suggest that the consequences of structural racism extend beyond inequities in health care to drive disparities in breast cancer outcome. Additional research is needed with more comprehensive social and environmental measures to better understand the influence of social determinants on aggressive ER-positive tumor biology among racial and ethnic minoritized women from disadvantaged and historically marginalized communities.</p
Efficacy of administering a sugar‐free flavor before dental injections on pain perception in children: A split‐mouth randomized crossover clinical trial
No full textBackgroundSweet taste administration before dental injections helps to control associated pain in children.AimTo evaluate the efficacy of using a sugar‐free flavor on pain perception during dental injections.DesignChildren (n = 84) aged 4–9 (mean 6.71 ± 1.55) years who required buccal infiltration bilaterally participated in this split‐mouth randomized crossover study. On the test side (flavor visit), infiltration injections were applied after receiving a sugar‐free flavor. On the control side (no flavor visit), sterile water was administered. Demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), and sweet taste preference (STP) were recorded. Pain perception during injection was measured using heart rate (HR), sound, eyes, and motor (SEM) scale, and Wong–Baker Faces pain scale (WBFPS).ResultsMost children had healthy weight (72.6%) and equal STP (32.1%). In the test side, mean HR during injection, HR differences before and during injection, and SEM scores were significantly lower (p < .001, for all). There was no significant difference in the WBFPS between both visits. Flavor had a significant effect on pain reduction (p = .001 for HR, p = .000 for SEM), whereas age, gender, BMI, STP, and treatment side did not. Treatment sequence had a significant effect on total SEM scores (p = .021); children who received the flavor during their first visit had lower SEM scores.ConclusionUsing a sugar‐free flavor before dental injections helps in reducing associated pain in children.</p
Challenges and opportunities in teaching and learning in AskALibrarian chat: differences across subject domains
No full textPurposeThis analysis of chat reference transcripts assesses differences in how librarians and graduate assistants (GAs) incorporate teaching strategies in responding to chat reference inquiries in social sciences, health sciences, humanities, STEM and business/economics at a large, public R1 university in the United States.Design/methodology/approachResearchers with disciplinary assignments in five different subject domains conducted qualitative analysis of a purposive sample of 982 transcripts of chat interactions during four semesters in 2021 and 2022.FindingsSome form of information literacy instruction (ILI) occurred in 58% of the transcripts, with slightly less teaching occurring in social sciences inquiries than in other subject areas. Of transcripts that included teaching strategies, search procedures predominated, followed by a mix of concepts and procedures, and the least with concepts only. Chat providers taught concepts specific to social sciences, health sciences and humanities, but not to STEM or business.Research limitations/implicationsThe study compares transcripts at one institution; findings may be most applicable to large, research institutions that seek to incorporate ILI in online reference services.Practical implicationsChat reference training should include best practices for ILI relevant to specific subject domains for providers without background in those disciplines and recommendations for referrals to subject specialists.Originality/valueExisting ILI literature does not address the question of how chat providers teach concepts rooted in a specific subject domain or offer a comparison of teaching strategies employed in different disciplines, by librarians versus GAs or staff
Esperanza Families React Positively to Early Child Development Intervention "Sit Down & Play"
No full textThe purpose of this study is to adapt Sit Down and Play, a play-based responsive parenting intervention, for Chicago’s Latinx population. This formative research was conducted in collaboration with Esperanza Health Centers.</p