This paper analyses residential segregation over time in Indian cities. We examine the change in ... more This paper analyses residential segregation over time in Indian cities. We examine the change in caste-based segregation longitudinally, while exploring how caste dynamics manifest differently across city size and region. The paper uses successive rounds of decennial census data, from 2001 and 2011. Contrary to expectations, we find residential segregation by caste/tribe persisting or worsening in 60 per cent of cities in our all-India sample, with differences by region and city size. For example, in the states of Karnataka, Haryana, Punjab and Tamil Nadu, a majority of cities experienced decreasing levels of residential segregation by caste/tribe, while in Maharashtra and Gujarat, 34 and 29 per cent of cities, respectively, experienced an increase. A greater proportion of small cities (population 20,000–49,999) than large cities (100,000–999,999) experienced an increase in residential segregation between 2001 and 2011. Across all city-size categories, the dominant trend has been no...
The new CTs account for almost 30% of the urban growth in the last decade. The estimated contribu... more The new CTs account for almost 30% of the urban growth in the last decade. The estimated contribution of migration is similar to that in previous intercensal periods. Further, the data indicates a dispersed pattern of in situ urbanisation, with the reluctance of state policy to recognise new statutory towns partly responsible for the growth of new CTs. A growing share of India’s urban population, living in these CTs, is being governed under
This note presents the situation of violent crimes in Indian megacities (35 megacities with more ... more This note presents the situation of violent crimes in Indian megacities (35 megacities with more than ten lakh population in 2001)for 2009 based on the information published in “Crime in India” by the National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB).
In most parts of the world there is a direct relation between economic and social well-being and ... more In most parts of the world there is a direct relation between economic and social well-being and political participation. India, though, is among the exceptions to this tendency. The poor in India vote more than the rich. This paper, using the case of Delhi, shows that neighbourhoods have a significant influence in voting patterns. The rich in poor neighbourhoods vote more than the rich in affluent neighbourhoods and the poor in rich neighbourhoods vote less than the poor in underprivileged neighbourhoods. This paper uses property tax and property categories to arrive at Delhi’s wealth parameters and then tries to match them with voting patterns.
This paper undertakes a more in-depth investigation into the location of SEZs, based on data avai... more This paper undertakes a more in-depth investigation into the location of SEZs, based on data available from the Ministry of Commerce. It builds upon early work in Mukhopadhyay (2008) which noted that not only are SEZs located mostly in a few states, even within these states, they are concentrated in a few districts, most of which had an above average rate of industrialisation.
Shamindra Nath Roy (shamindra@cprindia.org) and Kanhu Charan Pradhan (kcpradhan@cprindia.org) are... more Shamindra Nath Roy (shamindra@cprindia.org) and Kanhu Charan Pradhan (kcpradhan@cprindia.org) are with the Centre for Policy Research, Delhi. The 2011 Census highlighted the enormous growth of census towns, which contributed more than one-third of the urban growth during 2001–11. Since the rural–urban identification process in India is ex ante, using past census data, the number of CTs that will be identified in 2019 for the 2021 Census are estimated. The present study finds that the importance of CTs will be maintained in the urban structure, and a significant share of urban population will continue to grow beyond municipal limits. The influence of large towns on the growth of CTs will be persistent in the future, but a more localised form of urbanisation is also evident where the effect of agglomeration is less. Such a pattern may be stable because these places are relatively more prosperous than their rural counterparts. The surge in the number of census towns (CTs) in the 2011 C...
The unexpected increase in the number of census towns (CTs) in the last census has thrust them in... more The unexpected increase in the number of census towns (CTs) in the last census has thrust them into the spotlight. Using a hitherto unexploited dataset, it is found that many of the new CTs satisfied the requisite criteria in 2001 itself; mitigating concerns of inflated urbanisation. The new CTs account for almost 30% of the urban growth in last decade, with large inter - state variations. They are responsible for almost the entire growth in urbanisation in Kerala and almost none in Chhattisgarh. Consequently, the estimated contribution of migration is similar to that in previous intercensal periods. Further, while some new CTs are concentrated around million - plus cities, more than four - fifths are situated outside the proximity of such cities, with a large majority not even near Class I towns, though they form part of local agglomerations. This indicates a dispersed pattern of in - situ urbanisation. A growing share of urban population in these CTs is thus being governed under t...
This paper analyses residential segregation over time in Indian cities. We examine the change in ... more This paper analyses residential segregation over time in Indian cities. We examine the change in caste-based segregation longitudinally, while exploring how caste dynamics manifest differently across city size and region. The paper uses successive rounds of decennial census data, from 2001 and 2011. Contrary to expectations, we find residential segregation by caste/tribe persisting or worsening in 60 per cent of cities in our all-India sample, with differences by region and city size. For example, in the states of Karnataka, Haryana, Punjab and Tamil Nadu, a majority of cities experienced decreasing levels of residential segregation by caste/tribe, while in Maharashtra and Gujarat, 34 and 29 per cent of cities, respectively, experienced an increase. A greater proportion of small cities (population 20,000–49,999) than large cities (100,000–999,999) experienced an increase in residential segregation between 2001 and 2011. Across all city-size categories, the dominant trend has been no...
The new CTs account for almost 30% of the urban growth in the last decade. The estimated contribu... more The new CTs account for almost 30% of the urban growth in the last decade. The estimated contribution of migration is similar to that in previous intercensal periods. Further, the data indicates a dispersed pattern of in situ urbanisation, with the reluctance of state policy to recognise new statutory towns partly responsible for the growth of new CTs. A growing share of India’s urban population, living in these CTs, is being governed under
This note presents the situation of violent crimes in Indian megacities (35 megacities with more ... more This note presents the situation of violent crimes in Indian megacities (35 megacities with more than ten lakh population in 2001)for 2009 based on the information published in “Crime in India” by the National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB).
In most parts of the world there is a direct relation between economic and social well-being and ... more In most parts of the world there is a direct relation between economic and social well-being and political participation. India, though, is among the exceptions to this tendency. The poor in India vote more than the rich. This paper, using the case of Delhi, shows that neighbourhoods have a significant influence in voting patterns. The rich in poor neighbourhoods vote more than the rich in affluent neighbourhoods and the poor in rich neighbourhoods vote less than the poor in underprivileged neighbourhoods. This paper uses property tax and property categories to arrive at Delhi’s wealth parameters and then tries to match them with voting patterns.
This paper undertakes a more in-depth investigation into the location of SEZs, based on data avai... more This paper undertakes a more in-depth investigation into the location of SEZs, based on data available from the Ministry of Commerce. It builds upon early work in Mukhopadhyay (2008) which noted that not only are SEZs located mostly in a few states, even within these states, they are concentrated in a few districts, most of which had an above average rate of industrialisation.
Shamindra Nath Roy (shamindra@cprindia.org) and Kanhu Charan Pradhan (kcpradhan@cprindia.org) are... more Shamindra Nath Roy (shamindra@cprindia.org) and Kanhu Charan Pradhan (kcpradhan@cprindia.org) are with the Centre for Policy Research, Delhi. The 2011 Census highlighted the enormous growth of census towns, which contributed more than one-third of the urban growth during 2001–11. Since the rural–urban identification process in India is ex ante, using past census data, the number of CTs that will be identified in 2019 for the 2021 Census are estimated. The present study finds that the importance of CTs will be maintained in the urban structure, and a significant share of urban population will continue to grow beyond municipal limits. The influence of large towns on the growth of CTs will be persistent in the future, but a more localised form of urbanisation is also evident where the effect of agglomeration is less. Such a pattern may be stable because these places are relatively more prosperous than their rural counterparts. The surge in the number of census towns (CTs) in the 2011 C...
The unexpected increase in the number of census towns (CTs) in the last census has thrust them in... more The unexpected increase in the number of census towns (CTs) in the last census has thrust them into the spotlight. Using a hitherto unexploited dataset, it is found that many of the new CTs satisfied the requisite criteria in 2001 itself; mitigating concerns of inflated urbanisation. The new CTs account for almost 30% of the urban growth in last decade, with large inter - state variations. They are responsible for almost the entire growth in urbanisation in Kerala and almost none in Chhattisgarh. Consequently, the estimated contribution of migration is similar to that in previous intercensal periods. Further, while some new CTs are concentrated around million - plus cities, more than four - fifths are situated outside the proximity of such cities, with a large majority not even near Class I towns, though they form part of local agglomerations. This indicates a dispersed pattern of in - situ urbanisation. A growing share of urban population in these CTs is thus being governed under t...
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