<p>Theoretical framework for studying factors associated with underuse of antenatal care se... more <p>Theoretical framework for studying factors associated with underuse of antenatal care services in Nigeria (adapted from Andersen’s behavioral model [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0197324#pone.0197324.ref023" target="_blank">23</a>]).</p
Cognitive decline is typical of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While studies suggest links between the... more Cognitive decline is typical of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While studies suggest links between the gut and the brain in the risk of AD, the relationship of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders with cognition is poorly understood. Leveraging large-scale genome-wide association study summary statistics, we assess the relationship of ten cognition-related traits with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and AD. Similar to AD, we demonstrate a highly significant negative genetic correlation between PUD and intelligence (rg = -0.33, P = 2.11 × 10− 11), cognitive performance (rg = -0.32, P = 9.00 × 10− 16), educational attainment (rg = -0.46, P = 5.50 × 10− 33) and other cognitive traits (rg = -0.27 – -0.47, P = 8.41 × 10− 4 – 5.75 × 10− 25). Mendelian randomisation analysis suggests a risk-decreasing causal influence of genetically predicted intelligence (Odds ratio, OR = 0.77, P = 3.92 × 10− 7), educational attainment (OR = 0.56, P = 6.68 × 10− 21), and cognitive performance (OR = 0.75, P = 2.11...
STUDY QUESTION Is there a shared genetic or causal association of endometriosis with asthma or wh... more STUDY QUESTION Is there a shared genetic or causal association of endometriosis with asthma or what biological mechanisms may underlie their potential relationships? SUMMARY ANSWER Our results confirm a significant but non-causal association of endometriosis with asthma implicating shared genetic susceptibility and biological pathways in the mechanisms of the disorders, and potentially, their co-occurrence. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Some observational studies have reported a pattern of co-occurring relationship between endometriosis and asthma; however, there is conflicting evidence and the aetiology, as well as the underlying mechanisms of the relationship, remain unclear. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We applied multiple statistical genetic approaches in the analysis of well-powered, genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data to comprehensively assess the relationship of endometriosis with asthma. Endometriosis GWAS from the International Endogene Consortium (IEC, 17 054 cases a...
Background Unsafe injection practices contribute to increased risks of blood-borne infections, in... more Background Unsafe injection practices contribute to increased risks of blood-borne infections, including human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of medical injections as well as assess the level of access to sterile injection equipment by demographic factors in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods We carried out a meta-analysis of nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) conducted between 2010 and 2017 in 39 LMICs. Random effects meta-analysis was used in estimating pooled and disaggregated prevalence. All analyses were conducted using Stata version 14 and Microsoft Excel 2016. Results The pooled 12-month prevalence estimate of medical injection was 32.4% (95% confidence interval 29.3–35.6). Pakistan, Rwanda and Myanmar had the highest prevalence of medical injection: 59.1%, 56.4% and 53.0%, respectively. Regionally, the prevalence of medical injection ranged from 13.5...
<p>Theoretical framework for studying factors associated with underuse of antenatal care se... more <p>Theoretical framework for studying factors associated with underuse of antenatal care services in Nigeria (adapted from Andersen’s behavioral model [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0197324#pone.0197324.ref023" target="_blank">23</a>]).</p
Cognitive decline is typical of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While studies suggest links between the... more Cognitive decline is typical of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While studies suggest links between the gut and the brain in the risk of AD, the relationship of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders with cognition is poorly understood. Leveraging large-scale genome-wide association study summary statistics, we assess the relationship of ten cognition-related traits with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and AD. Similar to AD, we demonstrate a highly significant negative genetic correlation between PUD and intelligence (rg = -0.33, P = 2.11 × 10− 11), cognitive performance (rg = -0.32, P = 9.00 × 10− 16), educational attainment (rg = -0.46, P = 5.50 × 10− 33) and other cognitive traits (rg = -0.27 – -0.47, P = 8.41 × 10− 4 – 5.75 × 10− 25). Mendelian randomisation analysis suggests a risk-decreasing causal influence of genetically predicted intelligence (Odds ratio, OR = 0.77, P = 3.92 × 10− 7), educational attainment (OR = 0.56, P = 6.68 × 10− 21), and cognitive performance (OR = 0.75, P = 2.11...
STUDY QUESTION Is there a shared genetic or causal association of endometriosis with asthma or wh... more STUDY QUESTION Is there a shared genetic or causal association of endometriosis with asthma or what biological mechanisms may underlie their potential relationships? SUMMARY ANSWER Our results confirm a significant but non-causal association of endometriosis with asthma implicating shared genetic susceptibility and biological pathways in the mechanisms of the disorders, and potentially, their co-occurrence. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Some observational studies have reported a pattern of co-occurring relationship between endometriosis and asthma; however, there is conflicting evidence and the aetiology, as well as the underlying mechanisms of the relationship, remain unclear. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We applied multiple statistical genetic approaches in the analysis of well-powered, genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data to comprehensively assess the relationship of endometriosis with asthma. Endometriosis GWAS from the International Endogene Consortium (IEC, 17 054 cases a...
Background Unsafe injection practices contribute to increased risks of blood-borne infections, in... more Background Unsafe injection practices contribute to increased risks of blood-borne infections, including human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of medical injections as well as assess the level of access to sterile injection equipment by demographic factors in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods We carried out a meta-analysis of nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) conducted between 2010 and 2017 in 39 LMICs. Random effects meta-analysis was used in estimating pooled and disaggregated prevalence. All analyses were conducted using Stata version 14 and Microsoft Excel 2016. Results The pooled 12-month prevalence estimate of medical injection was 32.4% (95% confidence interval 29.3–35.6). Pakistan, Rwanda and Myanmar had the highest prevalence of medical injection: 59.1%, 56.4% and 53.0%, respectively. Regionally, the prevalence of medical injection ranged from 13.5...
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