Malignant brain tumor at its fourth stage (glioblastoma) is the most dangerous and an unsolved me... more Malignant brain tumor at its fourth stage (glioblastoma) is the most dangerous and an unsolved medical challenge till today. Present therapeutic strategies including chemo treatment, radiation along with surgery all together have not succeeded to control the progression of glioblastoma. Challenges in the early detection, unavailability of specific therapeutic strategy and severe cytotoxicity of available chemotherapeutics are the some of the prime causes of treatment failure. Especially presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) highly limits pharmacological effect of conventional chemotherapy. In lieu of this, lipid based nanodrug carriers (LNCs) have now been evolved with great potential in improving the drug efficacy for the treatment of glioma. Further, LNCs engineered with specific targeting ligand might significantly reduce the dosage regimen, increase specificity, improve bioavailability and reduce off-target distribution. Such modified LNCs possess sufficient ability to cross BBB...
<strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong> <strong><em>A</em>&l... more <strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong> <strong><em>A</em></strong><em>s the name implies, the DCS is a system of sensors, controllers, and associated computers that are distributed throughout a plant. Each of these elements serves a unique purpose such as data acquisition, process control, as well as data storage and graphical display. These individual elements communicate with a centralized computer through the plant's local area network – often referred to as a control network. As the 'central brain' of the plant the DCS makes automated decisions based on production trends it sees them in real-time throughout a plant. The DCS concept increases reliability and reduces installation costs by localising control functions near the process plant, with remote monitoring and supervision. In recent years, the use of smart devices and field buses makes distributed control system (DCS) to be prominent in large and complex industrial processes as compared to the former centralized control system. This distribution of control system architecture around the plant has led to produce more efficient ways to improve reliability of control, process quality and plant efficiency. Nowadays, distributed control system has been found in many industrial fields such as chemical plants, oil and gas industries, food processing units, nuclear power plants, water management systems, automobile industries, etc. Mainly the role of DCS system in Pharma sector was more prominent service.</em> <strong><em>KEYWORDS:</em></strong><em> Architecture of DCS, Engineering work station, Operating station, Communication system, Smart and intelligent system, Working and operation of DCS.</em>
The nano-drug delivery system has gained greater acceptability for poorly soluble drugs. Aloglipt... more The nano-drug delivery system has gained greater acceptability for poorly soluble drugs. Alogliptin (ALG) is a FDA-approved oral anti-hyperglycemic drug that inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase-4. The present study is designed to prepare polymeric ALG nanoparticles (NPs) for the management of diabetes. ALG-NPs were prepared using the nanoprecipitation method and further optimized by Box–Behnken experimental design (BBD). The formulation was optimized by varying the independent variables Eudragit RSPO (A), Tween 20 (B), and sonication time (C), and the effects on the hydrodynamic diameter (Y1) and entrapment efficiency (Y2) were evaluated. The optimized ALG-NPs were further evaluated for in vitro release, intestinal permeation, and pharmacokinetic and anti-diabetic activity. The prepared ALG-NPs show a hydrodynamic diameter of between 272.34 nm and 482.87 nm, and an entrapment efficiency of between 64.43 and 95.21%. The in vitro release data of ALG-NPs reveals a prolonged release pattern (...
Effective treatment of brain tumor remains a challenge in medical science. Gliomas are the most c... more Effective treatment of brain tumor remains a challenge in medical science. Gliomas are the most common type of tumors of brain and central nervous system [Giakoumettis D et al., 2018]. Based on the type of primary cells along with molecular characteristics, gliomas can be of astrocytomas, ependymomas, oligodendrogliomas etc. Glioma is characterized by its uncontrolled cellular proliferation, diffused infiltration along with significant angiogenesis (Kesari S et al., 2011). Glioma at its fourth stage is referred to as glioblastoma multiforme, which is the most dangerous stage with poor prognosis and an average survival rate of 1-2 years [Louis DN et al., 2016]. In spite of all the advanced medical strategies, death rate of glioma patients is increasing at an alarming rate all over the world. The treatment failures may be attributed to the delicate and sensitive characteristics of brain tissue, which limits effective application of surgery or radiation therapy; whereas presence of blo...
Cancer is a class of disorder characterized by anomalous growth of cells escalating in an uncontr... more Cancer is a class of disorder characterized by anomalous growth of cells escalating in an uncontrolled way. Among all the cancers, treatment of cancerous brain tumors has been a tough challenge for the research scientists. Moreover, the absence of early-stage symptoms delays its diagnosis, consequently worsening its severity. Conventional treatments such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are still linked with several limitations. The therapeutic effect of most of the anticancer drugs is highly restricted by their inability to pass the blood–brain barrier, low solubility, limited therapeutic window, and so on. Alarming incidences of brain cases associated with low survival rate across the globe coupled with the inefficiency of current treatment strategies have forced the formulation scientists to investigate nanotechnology-based advanced therapeutic approaches to tackle the disease. Various nanoplatforms such as polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), nanoliposomes, dendrimers, carbon n...
Malignant brain tumor at its fourth stage (glioblastoma) is the most dangerous and an unsolved me... more Malignant brain tumor at its fourth stage (glioblastoma) is the most dangerous and an unsolved medical challenge till today. Present therapeutic strategies including chemo treatment, radiation along with surgery all together have not succeeded to control the progression of glioblastoma. Challenges in the early detection, unavailability of specific therapeutic strategy and severe cytotoxicity of available chemotherapeutics are the some of the prime causes of treatment failure. Especially presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) highly limits pharmacological effect of conventional chemotherapy. In lieu of this, lipid based nanodrug carriers (LNCs) have now been evolved with great potential in improving the drug efficacy for the treatment of glioma. Further, LNCs engineered with specific targeting ligand might significantly reduce the dosage regimen, increase specificity, improve bioavailability and reduce off-target distribution. Such modified LNCs possess sufficient ability to cross BBB...
<strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong> <strong><em>A</em>&l... more <strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong> <strong><em>A</em></strong><em>s the name implies, the DCS is a system of sensors, controllers, and associated computers that are distributed throughout a plant. Each of these elements serves a unique purpose such as data acquisition, process control, as well as data storage and graphical display. These individual elements communicate with a centralized computer through the plant's local area network – often referred to as a control network. As the 'central brain' of the plant the DCS makes automated decisions based on production trends it sees them in real-time throughout a plant. The DCS concept increases reliability and reduces installation costs by localising control functions near the process plant, with remote monitoring and supervision. In recent years, the use of smart devices and field buses makes distributed control system (DCS) to be prominent in large and complex industrial processes as compared to the former centralized control system. This distribution of control system architecture around the plant has led to produce more efficient ways to improve reliability of control, process quality and plant efficiency. Nowadays, distributed control system has been found in many industrial fields such as chemical plants, oil and gas industries, food processing units, nuclear power plants, water management systems, automobile industries, etc. Mainly the role of DCS system in Pharma sector was more prominent service.</em> <strong><em>KEYWORDS:</em></strong><em> Architecture of DCS, Engineering work station, Operating station, Communication system, Smart and intelligent system, Working and operation of DCS.</em>
The nano-drug delivery system has gained greater acceptability for poorly soluble drugs. Aloglipt... more The nano-drug delivery system has gained greater acceptability for poorly soluble drugs. Alogliptin (ALG) is a FDA-approved oral anti-hyperglycemic drug that inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase-4. The present study is designed to prepare polymeric ALG nanoparticles (NPs) for the management of diabetes. ALG-NPs were prepared using the nanoprecipitation method and further optimized by Box–Behnken experimental design (BBD). The formulation was optimized by varying the independent variables Eudragit RSPO (A), Tween 20 (B), and sonication time (C), and the effects on the hydrodynamic diameter (Y1) and entrapment efficiency (Y2) were evaluated. The optimized ALG-NPs were further evaluated for in vitro release, intestinal permeation, and pharmacokinetic and anti-diabetic activity. The prepared ALG-NPs show a hydrodynamic diameter of between 272.34 nm and 482.87 nm, and an entrapment efficiency of between 64.43 and 95.21%. The in vitro release data of ALG-NPs reveals a prolonged release pattern (...
Effective treatment of brain tumor remains a challenge in medical science. Gliomas are the most c... more Effective treatment of brain tumor remains a challenge in medical science. Gliomas are the most common type of tumors of brain and central nervous system [Giakoumettis D et al., 2018]. Based on the type of primary cells along with molecular characteristics, gliomas can be of astrocytomas, ependymomas, oligodendrogliomas etc. Glioma is characterized by its uncontrolled cellular proliferation, diffused infiltration along with significant angiogenesis (Kesari S et al., 2011). Glioma at its fourth stage is referred to as glioblastoma multiforme, which is the most dangerous stage with poor prognosis and an average survival rate of 1-2 years [Louis DN et al., 2016]. In spite of all the advanced medical strategies, death rate of glioma patients is increasing at an alarming rate all over the world. The treatment failures may be attributed to the delicate and sensitive characteristics of brain tissue, which limits effective application of surgery or radiation therapy; whereas presence of blo...
Cancer is a class of disorder characterized by anomalous growth of cells escalating in an uncontr... more Cancer is a class of disorder characterized by anomalous growth of cells escalating in an uncontrolled way. Among all the cancers, treatment of cancerous brain tumors has been a tough challenge for the research scientists. Moreover, the absence of early-stage symptoms delays its diagnosis, consequently worsening its severity. Conventional treatments such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are still linked with several limitations. The therapeutic effect of most of the anticancer drugs is highly restricted by their inability to pass the blood–brain barrier, low solubility, limited therapeutic window, and so on. Alarming incidences of brain cases associated with low survival rate across the globe coupled with the inefficiency of current treatment strategies have forced the formulation scientists to investigate nanotechnology-based advanced therapeutic approaches to tackle the disease. Various nanoplatforms such as polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), nanoliposomes, dendrimers, carbon n...
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