This paper examines the effects of forest devolution on the livelihoods of the rural poor. The pa... more This paper examines the effects of forest devolution on the livelihoods of the rural poor. The paper analyzes changes in forest endowments and entitlements among households brought about by “forestland allocation” in two villages of Vietnam’s Central Highlands. Its results indicate that not only the nature of devolved rights but also broader political and economic processes influence the extent and distribution of benefits. Even where devolution generates benefits to local people in poor areas, local power relations and the institutions regulating access to productive resources may constrain the ability of the “poorest of the poor” to take advantage of devolution.
Previous studies have shown that cultured cells align with the local topography of their substrat... more Previous studies have shown that cultured cells align with the local topography of their substrate following a concept called "contact guidance." Additionally, if the topography is highly aligned, the cells produce newly synthesized matrix that is also aligned. The objective of this study was to elucidate the positive effect of cell seeding on an elongated porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS), which has been shown to improve ligament and tendon healing, by measuring the cellular response as a result of the changes in alignment. Because elongation is known to align the fibers of SIS through recruitment along the direction of elongation, we hypothesized that rabbit bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) seeded on SIS with improved fiber alignment would increase the expression and production of collagen following the concept of contact guidance. Using the small-angle light-scattering technique, it was found that a 15% elongation together with BMDC seeding on SIS (elongated, seeded group) improved its alignment of collagen fibers up to 16 times more than no elongation and no BMDC seeding (non-elongated, non-seeded group). Furthermore, BMDCs were also aligned along the direction of elongation and showed 200% greater collagen type I gene expression in the elongated, seeded group than in Petri dish controls. More importantly, the production of collagen was also 24% greater. The results of this study demonstrate that alignment of a bioscaffold can result in positive changes in cellular response, making the bioscaffold more attractive for functional tissue engineering to potentially enhance healing of ligaments and tendons.
In situ mixtures of CdCl2⋅TMEDA (0.5 equiv; TMEDA=N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine) or InCl3 ... more In situ mixtures of CdCl2⋅TMEDA (0.5 equiv; TMEDA=N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine) or InCl3 (0.33 equiv) with [Li(tmp)] (tmp=2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino; 1.5 or 1.3 equiv, respectively) were compared with the previously described mixture of ZnCl2⋅TMEDA (0.5 equiv) and [Li(tmp)] (1.5 equiv) for their ability to deprotonate anisole, benzothiazole, and pyrimidine. [(tmp)3CdLi] proved to be the best base when used in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature, as demonstrated by subsequent trapping with iodine. The Cd–Li base then proved suitable for the metalation of a large range of aromatics including benzenes bearing reactive functional groups (CONEt2, CO2Me, CN, COPh) or heavy halogens (Br, I), and heterocycles (from the furan, thiophene, pyrrole, oxazole, thiazole, pyridine, and diazine series). Five-membered heterocycles benefiting from doubly activated positions were similarly dideprotonated at room temperature. The aromatic lithium cadmates thus obtained were involved in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions or simply quenched with acid chlorides.
This paper presents a hybrid control of active suspension system for quarter-car model with two-d... more This paper presents a hybrid control of active suspension system for quarter-car model with two-degree-of-freedom by using H∞ and nonlinear adaptive control method. Suspension dynamics is linear and treated by H∞ method which guarantees the robustness of closed loop system under the presence of uncertainties and minimizes the effect of road disturbance to the system. The nonlinearity of the hydraulic actuator is treated by a nonlinear adaptive controller based on back-stepping control method. Simulation results are given both frequency and time domains to verify the effectiveness of the designed controllers
This paper examines the effects of forest devolution on the livelihoods of the rural poor. The pa... more This paper examines the effects of forest devolution on the livelihoods of the rural poor. The paper analyzes changes in forest endowments and entitlements among households brought about by “forestland allocation” in two villages of Vietnam’s Central Highlands. Its results indicate that not only the nature of devolved rights but also broader political and economic processes influence the extent and distribution of benefits. Even where devolution generates benefits to local people in poor areas, local power relations and the institutions regulating access to productive resources may constrain the ability of the “poorest of the poor” to take advantage of devolution.
Previous studies have shown that cultured cells align with the local topography of their substrat... more Previous studies have shown that cultured cells align with the local topography of their substrate following a concept called "contact guidance." Additionally, if the topography is highly aligned, the cells produce newly synthesized matrix that is also aligned. The objective of this study was to elucidate the positive effect of cell seeding on an elongated porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS), which has been shown to improve ligament and tendon healing, by measuring the cellular response as a result of the changes in alignment. Because elongation is known to align the fibers of SIS through recruitment along the direction of elongation, we hypothesized that rabbit bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) seeded on SIS with improved fiber alignment would increase the expression and production of collagen following the concept of contact guidance. Using the small-angle light-scattering technique, it was found that a 15% elongation together with BMDC seeding on SIS (elongated, seeded group) improved its alignment of collagen fibers up to 16 times more than no elongation and no BMDC seeding (non-elongated, non-seeded group). Furthermore, BMDCs were also aligned along the direction of elongation and showed 200% greater collagen type I gene expression in the elongated, seeded group than in Petri dish controls. More importantly, the production of collagen was also 24% greater. The results of this study demonstrate that alignment of a bioscaffold can result in positive changes in cellular response, making the bioscaffold more attractive for functional tissue engineering to potentially enhance healing of ligaments and tendons.
In situ mixtures of CdCl2⋅TMEDA (0.5 equiv; TMEDA=N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine) or InCl3 ... more In situ mixtures of CdCl2⋅TMEDA (0.5 equiv; TMEDA=N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine) or InCl3 (0.33 equiv) with [Li(tmp)] (tmp=2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino; 1.5 or 1.3 equiv, respectively) were compared with the previously described mixture of ZnCl2⋅TMEDA (0.5 equiv) and [Li(tmp)] (1.5 equiv) for their ability to deprotonate anisole, benzothiazole, and pyrimidine. [(tmp)3CdLi] proved to be the best base when used in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature, as demonstrated by subsequent trapping with iodine. The Cd–Li base then proved suitable for the metalation of a large range of aromatics including benzenes bearing reactive functional groups (CONEt2, CO2Me, CN, COPh) or heavy halogens (Br, I), and heterocycles (from the furan, thiophene, pyrrole, oxazole, thiazole, pyridine, and diazine series). Five-membered heterocycles benefiting from doubly activated positions were similarly dideprotonated at room temperature. The aromatic lithium cadmates thus obtained were involved in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions or simply quenched with acid chlorides.
This paper presents a hybrid control of active suspension system for quarter-car model with two-d... more This paper presents a hybrid control of active suspension system for quarter-car model with two-degree-of-freedom by using H∞ and nonlinear adaptive control method. Suspension dynamics is linear and treated by H∞ method which guarantees the robustness of closed loop system under the presence of uncertainties and minimizes the effect of road disturbance to the system. The nonlinearity of the hydraulic actuator is treated by a nonlinear adaptive controller based on back-stepping control method. Simulation results are given both frequency and time domains to verify the effectiveness of the designed controllers
Uploads