The main goal of this paper is to study the effects of the recent decline of the Dead Sea surface... more The main goal of this paper is to study the effects of the recent decline of the Dead Sea surface level by −39 m within the study period, based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and land use/land cover (LULC) changes during the period 1984–2015 using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), and ETM, images acquired in May 2015. All images were adjusted using radiometric correction, geometric correction, image enhancement and masking. The results indicate the following: (1) NDVI analysis explained the patterns of adjustment to the new base level; (2) LULC classification showed that significant changes occurred during the study period, and five classes were distinguishable as: the southern dry basin (evaporation ponds) by17km2, the surface water bodies (mainly the Dead Sea), decreased by −34km2, exposed area increased by 20 km2, vegetated area increased by 9 km2. The rate of urban changes between 1984, 2003 and 2015 was calculated; it is indicated that the rate of urban growth...
ABSTRACT This study aims to estimate the spatial distribution patterns of six heavy metals: Arsen... more ABSTRACT This study aims to estimate the spatial distribution patterns of six heavy metals: Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Mercury (Hg), Plumbum (Pb), Zinc (Zn) in the sediments of Caspian Sea. Ordinary kriging (OK), genetic algorithm based on artificial neural network (GA-ANN), adaptive network fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and conditional simulation (CS) have been used for spatial distribution modeling. A total number of 80 surface sediment samples were collected in the year 2007 in Caspian Sea and Volga Delta in framework of the Caspian Ecosystem Program (CEP) which focuses on contaminants survey. As part of these samples, five countries of Iran (18 samples), Azerbaijan (16 samples), Turkmenistan (21 samples), Kazakhstan (13 samples), and Russia (12 samples). Results indicate that the CS realizations yields interpolation values such that the parsimony principle can not be kept. Simulated maximum and minimum values based on the CS method, is less and more than corresponding observed values, respectively. The OK realization smoothed out spatial variability and extreme measured values between the range of observed minimum and maximum values for all of the contaminants. The GA-ANN model has been capable of simulating the minimum values of contaminants as well. ANFIS, GA-ANN and OK are capable simulate the average values of contaminants, as well, except Cd and Hg. The results of spatial distribution modeling of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn show that the maximum concentrations of these contaminants are distributed in the south of Caspian Sea, near the boundary of Azerbaijan and Iran. In the case of As, maximum concentration is found in the north and south of the study area. Finally, comparison between the four interpolated techniques, GA-ANN model is the best model in keeping the statistical characteristics of the observed data for all contaminants, however ANFIS model is the best model with least simulation errors.
يتناول هذا البحث بالدراسة والتحليل فترات الجفاف في حوض نهر الزرقاء، لأربع وعشرين محطة مناخية مختا... more يتناول هذا البحث بالدراسة والتحليل فترات الجفاف في حوض نهر الزرقاء، لأربع وعشرين محطة مناخية مختارة للفترة الزمنية (1984-2015) تغطي إحدى وثلاثين سنة مطرية، باستخدام دليل المطر المعياري Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)، لتقدير شدة الجفاف من خلال تحليل سلاسل الأمطار الشهرية والسنوية، كما استخدم برنامج نظم المعلومات الجغرافية geographic information system (GIS) لإنتاج الخرائط المطرية المساحية، وحساب التغيرات المساحية التي تعرضت للجفاف على حساب المناطق المجاورة الأكثر مطرا. وجاءت أبرز نتائج الدراسة كما يأتي: 1. يعاني حوض نهر الزرقاء نحو انتشار ظروف الجفاف على نحو عام، وبدرجات متباينة؛ فقد بلغت نسبة الجفاف لجميع المحطات المدروسة خلال فترة الدراسة نحو 47.7% مع وجود خمس سنوات جافة تماما ولجميع المحطات، وهي الأعوام المطرية 1993/1994 و1995/1996 و1998/1999 و2010/2011//2001/2000، في حين أن السنة المطرية الوحيدة الرطبة لجميع المحطات هي 2012/2011. 2. بلغت نسبة السنوات الجافة لجميع المحطات 16.2% من فترة الدراسة. 3. وفي ما يتعلق بالتغيرات التي طرأت على التوزع الجغرافي المطري المساحي، فقد كان...
The objective of this study is to analyze the changes of the lower Zarqa River basin during the t... more The objective of this study is to analyze the changes of the lower Zarqa River basin during the time period from 1963 to 2011. The Zarqa river basin has been affected by water scarcity, frequent drought conditions which lead to the decadence of the discharge level of the Jordan River, which form the base level. The studied area is part of Jordan Rift Valley (JRV), and located 40 km from king Talal dam (KTD), and reach about 4 km in length. The data used for the analysis was the digital elevation model derived from SRTM and historical Air photo and topographic maps from 1963 and 1978. The interpretation was aimed to determine the changes patterns of the channel and valley characteristics that caused by the large reduction of water flow, and the increase of sediment concentration in the bed river. Parameters of analysis that has been taken place in the river properties were grouped into three categories as follows: (1) The Channel length, width, and meandering level. (2) The centerlin...
تعد بادية الحرة الأردنية جزءا من حرات بلاد الشام، وتمتاز بخصائص طبيعية واقتصادية مهمة وتقبع في ال... more تعد بادية الحرة الأردنية جزءا من حرات بلاد الشام، وتمتاز بخصائص طبيعية واقتصادية مهمة وتقبع في الركن الشمالي الشرقي من الأردن. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد الخصائص الجيومورفولوجية وخصائص الشبكة المائية التي تطورت في ظل حقول اللابة البركانية، بالإضافة إلى تحديد مواقع التدفقات البركانية ذات الأهمية الاقتصادية بالاعتماد على مخرجات الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية. اعتمدت الدراسة كذلك على تحليل نموذج التضرس الرقمي Digital Elevation Model (DEM) المشتق من Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)، ونظام المعلومات الجغرافية Geographic Information System (GIS) لاشتقاق الخصائص الجيومورفولوجية، والمائية الأساسية لمنطقة الدراسة. وقد تم تصنيف منطقة الحرة الأردنية على أساس الارتفاع النسبي إلى عدة أقسام أهمها: الجبال البركانية متوسطة الانحدار التي يصل ارتفاعها إلى أكثر من 900م، بينما تصنف بقية المنطقة على أنها تلال هضبية تتراوح ارتفاعاتها ما بين 500 إلى 900م. لقد اتصفت المنطقة بالتجانس النسبي في درجات الانحدار فتراوحت درجات الانحدار ما بين المناطق المستوية إلى المناطق متوسطة الانحدار؛ إذ إن ...
Our study suggests that routine laboratory screening provides no additional information to that o... more Our study suggests that routine laboratory screening provides no additional information to that obtained from a thorough history and clinical examination in patients at high risk of having an underlying medical cause of presenting psychotic symptoms.
The main target of this study is to classify the landforms of wadi Al-Mujib Canyon, as considered... more The main target of this study is to classify the landforms of wadi Al-Mujib Canyon, as considered one of the main wadi draining towards the Dead Sea. Based on Topographic Position Index (TPI), and depend upon Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data for preparing digital elevation model (DEM) which is available with 30*30 m ground resolution. By using the TPI, the landforms were classified into both Slope Position index and landform types. Landform categories were generated by combined two TPI grids at different scales (neighborhoods: (a 1km radius and 2km radius). TPI defended as: algorithms of Weiss and Jenness used to measure the topographic slope positions and automated landform classifications. TPI values are depended upon the cell size, type, elevation, and the standard deviation (SD) of TPI. By using TPI, the study area classified into slope position index with 6 classes; Valley, Lower slope, Flat slope, Model Slope, Upper Slope, Ridge, and the Landform categories with 10...
ABSTRACT Yusra Al- Husban * ABSTRACT This paper aimes at Analyzing the spatial variation of the a... more ABSTRACT Yusra Al- Husban * ABSTRACT This paper aimes at Analyzing the spatial variation of the accommodation centers before entering the elderly care centers, and to reveal the social, economic, educational, health and psychological characteristics of the elderly who live in care centers and their families. In this study Chi Square Test (χ₂) is used to compare the Actual distribution of the set of variables, with the even distribution on level of significance less than 0.005. The main results show that there’s a strong relation between the place of residence and the proportion of entrants in the care center to take care of the elderly , ranged the highest percentage to the Capital Governorate by 55%,then the governorate of Al-Zarqa’ by 17% ,and the least is the Governorate of Ma’an by 1%,in terms of statistical abstract level less than 0.005, 90% approximately of those who entered the care centers are from Amman city. The study shows that the economic factors are the most factors which force the elderly to enter the care center; 95% approximately. In terms of statistical abstract by confidence level care centers about 0.005, have no properties, which confirm the issue of relating the one’s value to his work. On the sex level, 70.6% of the elderly at care centers are males, and the educational level of the elderly is the most factor which has statistical terms at a significant level by 0.005 Keywords: Geographical Location, Elderly, Care Centers, Chi Square, Isolation, Civilization. __________________________________________________ *
The main goal of this paper is to study the effects of the recent decline of the Dead Sea surface... more The main goal of this paper is to study the effects of the recent decline of the Dead Sea surface level by −39 m within the study period, based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and land use/land cover (LULC) changes during the period 1984–2015 using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), and ETM, images acquired in May 2015. All images were adjusted using radiometric correction, geometric correction, image enhancement and masking. The results indicate the following: (1) NDVI analysis explained the patterns of adjustment to the new base level; (2) LULC classification showed that significant changes occurred during the study period, and five classes were distinguishable as: the southern dry basin (evaporation ponds) by17km2, the surface water bodies (mainly the Dead Sea), decreased by −34km2, exposed area increased by 20 km2, vegetated area increased by 9 km2. The rate of urban changes between 1984, 2003 and 2015 was calculated; it is indicated that the rate of urban growth...
ABSTRACT This study aims to estimate the spatial distribution patterns of six heavy metals: Arsen... more ABSTRACT This study aims to estimate the spatial distribution patterns of six heavy metals: Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Mercury (Hg), Plumbum (Pb), Zinc (Zn) in the sediments of Caspian Sea. Ordinary kriging (OK), genetic algorithm based on artificial neural network (GA-ANN), adaptive network fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and conditional simulation (CS) have been used for spatial distribution modeling. A total number of 80 surface sediment samples were collected in the year 2007 in Caspian Sea and Volga Delta in framework of the Caspian Ecosystem Program (CEP) which focuses on contaminants survey. As part of these samples, five countries of Iran (18 samples), Azerbaijan (16 samples), Turkmenistan (21 samples), Kazakhstan (13 samples), and Russia (12 samples). Results indicate that the CS realizations yields interpolation values such that the parsimony principle can not be kept. Simulated maximum and minimum values based on the CS method, is less and more than corresponding observed values, respectively. The OK realization smoothed out spatial variability and extreme measured values between the range of observed minimum and maximum values for all of the contaminants. The GA-ANN model has been capable of simulating the minimum values of contaminants as well. ANFIS, GA-ANN and OK are capable simulate the average values of contaminants, as well, except Cd and Hg. The results of spatial distribution modeling of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn show that the maximum concentrations of these contaminants are distributed in the south of Caspian Sea, near the boundary of Azerbaijan and Iran. In the case of As, maximum concentration is found in the north and south of the study area. Finally, comparison between the four interpolated techniques, GA-ANN model is the best model in keeping the statistical characteristics of the observed data for all contaminants, however ANFIS model is the best model with least simulation errors.
يتناول هذا البحث بالدراسة والتحليل فترات الجفاف في حوض نهر الزرقاء، لأربع وعشرين محطة مناخية مختا... more يتناول هذا البحث بالدراسة والتحليل فترات الجفاف في حوض نهر الزرقاء، لأربع وعشرين محطة مناخية مختارة للفترة الزمنية (1984-2015) تغطي إحدى وثلاثين سنة مطرية، باستخدام دليل المطر المعياري Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)، لتقدير شدة الجفاف من خلال تحليل سلاسل الأمطار الشهرية والسنوية، كما استخدم برنامج نظم المعلومات الجغرافية geographic information system (GIS) لإنتاج الخرائط المطرية المساحية، وحساب التغيرات المساحية التي تعرضت للجفاف على حساب المناطق المجاورة الأكثر مطرا. وجاءت أبرز نتائج الدراسة كما يأتي: 1. يعاني حوض نهر الزرقاء نحو انتشار ظروف الجفاف على نحو عام، وبدرجات متباينة؛ فقد بلغت نسبة الجفاف لجميع المحطات المدروسة خلال فترة الدراسة نحو 47.7% مع وجود خمس سنوات جافة تماما ولجميع المحطات، وهي الأعوام المطرية 1993/1994 و1995/1996 و1998/1999 و2010/2011//2001/2000، في حين أن السنة المطرية الوحيدة الرطبة لجميع المحطات هي 2012/2011. 2. بلغت نسبة السنوات الجافة لجميع المحطات 16.2% من فترة الدراسة. 3. وفي ما يتعلق بالتغيرات التي طرأت على التوزع الجغرافي المطري المساحي، فقد كان...
The objective of this study is to analyze the changes of the lower Zarqa River basin during the t... more The objective of this study is to analyze the changes of the lower Zarqa River basin during the time period from 1963 to 2011. The Zarqa river basin has been affected by water scarcity, frequent drought conditions which lead to the decadence of the discharge level of the Jordan River, which form the base level. The studied area is part of Jordan Rift Valley (JRV), and located 40 km from king Talal dam (KTD), and reach about 4 km in length. The data used for the analysis was the digital elevation model derived from SRTM and historical Air photo and topographic maps from 1963 and 1978. The interpretation was aimed to determine the changes patterns of the channel and valley characteristics that caused by the large reduction of water flow, and the increase of sediment concentration in the bed river. Parameters of analysis that has been taken place in the river properties were grouped into three categories as follows: (1) The Channel length, width, and meandering level. (2) The centerlin...
تعد بادية الحرة الأردنية جزءا من حرات بلاد الشام، وتمتاز بخصائص طبيعية واقتصادية مهمة وتقبع في ال... more تعد بادية الحرة الأردنية جزءا من حرات بلاد الشام، وتمتاز بخصائص طبيعية واقتصادية مهمة وتقبع في الركن الشمالي الشرقي من الأردن. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد الخصائص الجيومورفولوجية وخصائص الشبكة المائية التي تطورت في ظل حقول اللابة البركانية، بالإضافة إلى تحديد مواقع التدفقات البركانية ذات الأهمية الاقتصادية بالاعتماد على مخرجات الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية. اعتمدت الدراسة كذلك على تحليل نموذج التضرس الرقمي Digital Elevation Model (DEM) المشتق من Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)، ونظام المعلومات الجغرافية Geographic Information System (GIS) لاشتقاق الخصائص الجيومورفولوجية، والمائية الأساسية لمنطقة الدراسة. وقد تم تصنيف منطقة الحرة الأردنية على أساس الارتفاع النسبي إلى عدة أقسام أهمها: الجبال البركانية متوسطة الانحدار التي يصل ارتفاعها إلى أكثر من 900م، بينما تصنف بقية المنطقة على أنها تلال هضبية تتراوح ارتفاعاتها ما بين 500 إلى 900م. لقد اتصفت المنطقة بالتجانس النسبي في درجات الانحدار فتراوحت درجات الانحدار ما بين المناطق المستوية إلى المناطق متوسطة الانحدار؛ إذ إن ...
Our study suggests that routine laboratory screening provides no additional information to that o... more Our study suggests that routine laboratory screening provides no additional information to that obtained from a thorough history and clinical examination in patients at high risk of having an underlying medical cause of presenting psychotic symptoms.
The main target of this study is to classify the landforms of wadi Al-Mujib Canyon, as considered... more The main target of this study is to classify the landforms of wadi Al-Mujib Canyon, as considered one of the main wadi draining towards the Dead Sea. Based on Topographic Position Index (TPI), and depend upon Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data for preparing digital elevation model (DEM) which is available with 30*30 m ground resolution. By using the TPI, the landforms were classified into both Slope Position index and landform types. Landform categories were generated by combined two TPI grids at different scales (neighborhoods: (a 1km radius and 2km radius). TPI defended as: algorithms of Weiss and Jenness used to measure the topographic slope positions and automated landform classifications. TPI values are depended upon the cell size, type, elevation, and the standard deviation (SD) of TPI. By using TPI, the study area classified into slope position index with 6 classes; Valley, Lower slope, Flat slope, Model Slope, Upper Slope, Ridge, and the Landform categories with 10...
ABSTRACT Yusra Al- Husban * ABSTRACT This paper aimes at Analyzing the spatial variation of the a... more ABSTRACT Yusra Al- Husban * ABSTRACT This paper aimes at Analyzing the spatial variation of the accommodation centers before entering the elderly care centers, and to reveal the social, economic, educational, health and psychological characteristics of the elderly who live in care centers and their families. In this study Chi Square Test (χ₂) is used to compare the Actual distribution of the set of variables, with the even distribution on level of significance less than 0.005. The main results show that there’s a strong relation between the place of residence and the proportion of entrants in the care center to take care of the elderly , ranged the highest percentage to the Capital Governorate by 55%,then the governorate of Al-Zarqa’ by 17% ,and the least is the Governorate of Ma’an by 1%,in terms of statistical abstract level less than 0.005, 90% approximately of those who entered the care centers are from Amman city. The study shows that the economic factors are the most factors which force the elderly to enter the care center; 95% approximately. In terms of statistical abstract by confidence level care centers about 0.005, have no properties, which confirm the issue of relating the one’s value to his work. On the sex level, 70.6% of the elderly at care centers are males, and the educational level of the elderly is the most factor which has statistical terms at a significant level by 0.005 Keywords: Geographical Location, Elderly, Care Centers, Chi Square, Isolation, Civilization. __________________________________________________ *
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