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- ArticleOctober 2024
The Complexity of Data-Free Nfer
AbstractNfer is a Runtime Verification language for the analysis of event traces that applies rules to create hierarchies of time intervals. This work examines the complexity of the evaluation and satisfiability problems for the data-free fragment of ...
- ArticleJuly 2024
Energy-Efficient Motion Planning for Autonomous Vehicles Using Uppaal Stratego
Theoretical Aspects of Software EngineeringPages 356–373https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64626-3_21AbstractEnergy-efficient motion planning for autonomous battery-powered vehicles is crucial to increase safety and efficiency by avoiding frequent battery recharge. This paper proposes algorithms for synthesizing energy- and time-efficient motion plans ...
- ArticleJune 2023
Learning Symbolic Timed Models from Concrete Timed Data
- Simon Dierl,
- Falk Maria Howar,
- Sean Kauffman,
- Martin Kristjansen,
- Kim Guldstrand Larsen,
- Florian Lorber,
- Malte Mauritz
AbstractWe present a technique for learning explainable timed automata from passive observations of a black-box function, such as an artificial intelligence system. Our method accepts a single, long, timed word with mixed input and output actions and ...
- ArticleSeptember 2022
Monte Carlo Tree Search for Priced Timed Automata
- Peter Gjøl Jensen,
- Andrej Kiviriga,
- Kim Guldstrand Larsen,
- Ulrik Nyman,
- Adriana Mijačika,
- Jeppe Høiriis Mortensen
AbstractPriced timed automata (PTA) were introduced in the early 2000s to allow for generic modelling of resource-consumption problems for systems with real-time constraints. Optimal schedules for allocation of resources may here be recast as optimal ...
- research-articleJanuary 2021
Verification and Parameter Synthesis for Real-Time Programs using Refinement of Trace Abstraction*
Fundamenta Informaticae (FUNI), Volume 178, Issue 1-2Pages 31–57https://doi.org/10.3233/FI-2021-1997We address the safety verification and synthesis problems for real-time systems. We introduce real-time programs that are made of instructions that can perform assignments to discrete and real-valued variables. They are general enough to capture ...
- ArticleOctober 2019
Teaching Stratego to Play Ball: Optimal Synthesis for Continuous Space MDPs
- Manfred Jaeger,
- Peter Gjøl Jensen,
- Kim Guldstrand Larsen,
- Axel Legay,
- Sean Sedwards,
- Jakob Haahr Taankvist
Automated Technology for Verification and AnalysisPages 81–97https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31784-3_5AbstractFormal models of cyber-physical systems, such as priced timed Markov decision processes, require a state space with continuous and discrete components. The problem of controller synthesis for such systems then can be cast as finding optimal ...
- ArticleJuly 2019
Model Verification Through Dependency Graphs
AbstractDependency graphs, as introduced more than 20 years ago by Liu and Smolka, are oriented graphs with hyperedges that connect nodes with sets of target nodes in order to represent causal dependencies in the graph. Numerous verification problems can ...
- ArticleApril 2019
Abstract Dependency Graphs and Their Application to Model Checking
Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of SystemsPages 316–333https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17462-0_18AbstractDependency graphs, invented by Liu and Smolka in 1998, are oriented graphs with hyperedges that represent dependencies among the values of the vertices. Numerous model checking problems are reducible to a computation of the minimum fixed-point ...
- ArticleNovember 2018
Statistical Model Checking the 2018 Edition!
Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation. VerificationPages 261–270https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03421-4_17AbstractThis short note introduces statistical model checking and gives a brief overview of the Statistical Model Checking, past present and future session at Isola 2018. This is the fourth edition of the track at Isola.
- ArticleAugust 2013
Refinement and difference for probabilistic automata
QEST'13: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Quantitative Evaluation of SystemsPages 22–38https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40196-1_3This paper studies a difference operator for stochastic systems whose specifications are represented by Abstract Probabilistic Automata (APAs). In the case refinement fails between two specifications, the target of this operator is to produce a ...
- ArticleAugust 2013
The bisimdist library: efficient computation of bisimilarity distances for markovian models
QEST'13: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Quantitative Evaluation of SystemsPages 278–281https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40196-1_23This paper presents a library for exactly computing the bisimilarity Kantorovich-based pseudometrics between Markov chains and between Markov decision processes. These are distances that measure the behavioral discrepancies between non-bisimilar ...
- chapterJanuary 2013
On the relationship between LTL normal forms and Büchi automata
Theories of Programming and Formal MethodsJanuary 2013, Pages 256–270In this paper, we revisit the problem of translating LTL formulas to Büchi automata. We first translate the given LTL formula into a special disjuctive-normal form (DNF). The formula will be part of the state, and its DNF normal form specifies the ...
- chapterJanuary 2013
Optimal bounds for multiweighted and parametrised energy games
Theories of Programming and Formal MethodsJanuary 2013, Pages 244–255Multiweighted energy games are two-player multiweighted games that concern the existence of infinite runs subject to a vector of lower and upper bounds on the accumulated weights along the run. We assume an unknown upper bound and calculate the set of ...
- ArticleApril 2012
Checking and distributing statistical model checking
- Peter Bulychev,
- Alexandre David,
- Kim Guldstrand Larsen,
- Axel Legay,
- Marius Mikučionis,
- Danny Bøgsted Poulsen
NFM'12: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on NASA Formal MethodsPages 449–463https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28891-3_39In this paper we propose a general framework for distributed statistical model checking of networks of priced timed automata. The first contribution is a new algorithm to distribute sequential hypothesis testing without introducing bias in the results. ...
- ArticleApril 2012
Learning markov models for stationary system behaviors
NFM'12: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on NASA Formal MethodsPages 216–230https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28891-3_22Establishing an accurate model for formal verification of an existing hardware or software system is often a manual process that is both time consuming and resource demanding. In order to ease the model construction phase, methods have recently been ...
- ArticleMarch 2012
Moving from specifications to contracts in component-based design
- Sebastian S. Bauer,
- Alexandre David,
- Rolf Hennicker,
- Kim Guldstrand Larsen,
- Axel Legay,
- Ulrik Nyman,
- Andrzej Wąsowski
FASE'12: Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software EngineeringPages 43–58https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28872-2_3We study the relation between specifications of component behaviors and contracts providing means to specify assumptions on environments as well as component guarantees. We show how a contract framework can be built in a generic way on top of any ...
- ArticleMarch 2012
Monitor-Based statistical model checking for weighted metric temporal logic
- Peter Bulychev,
- Alexandre David,
- Kim Guldstrand Larsen,
- Axel Legay,
- Guangyuan Li,
- Danny Bøgsted Poulsen,
- Amelie Stainer
LPAR'12: Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and ReasoningPages 168–182https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28717-6_15We present a novel approach and implementation for analysing weighted timed automata (WTA) with respect to the weighted metric temporal logic (WMTL≤). Based on a stochastic semantics of WTAs, we apply statistical model checking (SMC) to estimate and ...
- ArticleMarch 2012
Dual-Priced modal transition systems with time durations
LPAR'12: Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and ReasoningPages 122–137https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28717-6_12Modal transition systems are a well-established specification formalism for a high-level modelling of component-based software systems. We present a novel extension of the formalism called modal transition systems with durations where time durations are ...