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Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks identify the websites visited by users by performing traffic analysis, compromising user privacy. Particularly, DL-based WF attacks demonstrate impressive attack performance. However, the effectiveness of DL-based WF ...

In an increasingly digital and interconnected world, online anonymity and privacy are paramount issues for Internet users. To address this, tools like The Onion Router (Tor) offer anonymous and private communication by routing traffic through multiple ...

Few-shot website fingerprinting (WF) attacks aim to infer which website a user browsed through anonymity networks, such as Tor, using limited labeled traces. Recent methods either adopt complex metric strategies or perform time-consuming transfer ...

Content on the World Wide Web that is not indexable by standard search engines defines a category called the deep Web. Dark networks are a subset of the deep Web. They provide services of great interest to users who seek online anonymity during ...

Anonymous network tracing is a significant research subject in the field of network security, and flow correlation technology serves as a fundamental technique for deanonymizing network traffic. Existing flow correlation techniques are considered ...

Website fingerprinting (WF) enables eavesdroppers to identify the website a user is visiting by network surveillance, even if the traffic is protected by anonymous communication technologies such as Tor. To avoid this, several defense schemes ...

An anonymous communication network (ACN) is designed to protect the identities of two parties communicating through it, even if an adversary controls or observes parts of the network. Among the ACNs, Tor represents a practical trade-off between ...

The rapid development of Internet of Things technology has allowed a massive number of devices to be connected, resulting in a lot of private data being transmitted over the network. To protect the security and privacy, anonymous communication ...

Anonymous communication systems are essential tools for preserving privacy and freedom of expression. However, traffic analysis attacks make it challenging to maintain unlinkability in circuit-based anonymity networks like Tor, enabling adversaries to ...

The Tor anonymity network allows users such as political activists and those under repressive governments to protect their privacy when communicating over the internet. At the same time, Tor has been demonstrated to be vulnerable to several classes of ...

Tor is the most popular anonymization network with millions of daily users. This makes it an attractive target for attacks, e.g., by malicious autonomous systems (ASs) performing active routing attacks to become man in the middle and deanonymize ...

• Update on Tor AS-level adversaries (comparison of measurement results for IPv4 in 2020 and 2022).
• Measuring AS-level adversaries for IPv6.
• Measuring AS-level adversaries in censored countries (case study, based on popular clients ...

Tor provides anonymity to millions of users around the globe which has made it a valuable target for malicious actors. As a low-latency anonymity system, it is vulnerable to traffic correlation attacks from strong passive adversaries such as ...

The darkweb is nowadays considered a very popular place to sell and buy illegal cyber-crime related content. From botnet services and malware, to user data such as credit card information and passwords, darkweb marketplaces offer ease of use, product ...

Since the Tor network is evolving into an infrastructure for anonymous communication, analyzing the consequences of network growth is becoming more relevant than ever. In particular, adding large amounts of resources may have unintentional consequences ...

Website fingerprinting enables eavesdroppers to identify the website a user is visiting by network surveillance, even if the traffic is protected by anonymous communication technologies such as Tor. To defend against website fingerprinting attacks,...

Tor is an open-source communications software program that enables anonymity on the Internet. Tor’s ability to hide its users’ identity means it is incredibly popular with criminals, who use it to keep their online activities secret from law ...

Network eavesdroppers can determine which website Tor users visit by analyzing encrypted traffic traces with the Website Fingerprinting (WF) attack. WF attacks based on Deep Learning, like Deep Fingerprinting (DF) outperformed traditional ...

Tor, a peer-to-peer anonymous communication system, is one of the most effective tools in providing free and open communication online. Many of the attacks on Tor’s anonymity occur when an adversary can intercept a user’s traffic; it is thus ...${}_{\mathit{}}$${}_{\mathit{}}$

Tor is one of the most popular anonymity networks that allows Internet users to hide their browsing activity. Hiding browsing activity is essential for Internet users to increase their privacy. Only Tor users should know the website ...

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• We reviewed studies related to WF on Tor which encompass 12 years of research.
• ...

To analyze traffic in the anonymity network, an active network flow watermark scheme, the ON/OFF watermarking, is proposed to embed timing information into the network flow. This scheme exploits a technique that drops packets at ...