Logical flaws in smart contracts are often exploited, leading to significant financial losses. Our tool, HighGuard, detects transactions that violate business logic specifications of smart contracts. HighGuard employs dynamic condition response (DCR) ...

This paper introduces a novel approach for runtime validation and anomaly detection in Digital Twins. We enhance the trace alignment capabilities of the Needleman-Wunsch dynamic programming algorithm to enable continuous system state monitoring. Our ...

When creating test cases, ideally, developers should test both the expected and unexpected behaviors of the program to catch more bugs and avoid regressions. However, the literature has provided evidence that developers are more likely to test expected ...

Positive tests (aka, happy path tests) cover the expected behavior of the program, while negative tests (aka, unhappy path tests) check the unexpected behavior. Ideally, test suites should have both positive and negative tests to better protect against ...

The literature has provided evidence that developers are likely to test some behaviors of the program and avoid other ones. Despite this observation, we still lack empirical evidence from real-world systems. In this paper, we propose to automatically ...

Understanding the runtime behavioral aspects of a software system is fundamental for several software engineering tasks, such as testing and code comprehension. For this purpose, typically, one needs to instrument the system and collect data from its ...

The dependence on software in safety-critical system is increasingly growing and the reliability of the systems becomes more and more critical. Therefore, we need to adapt software engineering concepts like DevOps to also be able to react to changes ...

In various service-oriented applications such as distributed autonomous delivery, healthcare, tourism, transportation, and many others, where service agents need to perform serial and time-bounded tasks to achieve their goals, quality of service must ...

A weakly-hard fault model can be captured by an (m,k) constraint, where 0≤ m≤ k, meaning that there are at most m bad events (faults) among any k consecutive events. In this article, we use a weakly-hard fault model to constrain the occurrences of faults ...

Runtime monitors analyze system execution traces for policy compliance. Monitors for propositional specification languages, such as metric temporal logic (MTL), produce Boolean verdicts denoting whether the policy is satisfied or violated at a ...

Providing adequate runtime monitoring is critical for ensuring safe operation and for enabling self-adaptive behavior of Cyber-Physical Systems. This requires identifying runtime properties of interest, creating Probes to instrument the system, and ...

Robotic systems are becoming common in different domains and for various purposes, such as unmanned aerial vehicles performing search and rescue operations, or robots operating in manufacturing plants. Such systems are characterized by close ...

Wearable and implantable medical devices are being increasingly deployed for diagnosis, monitoring, and to provide therapy for critical medical conditions. Such medical devices are examples of safety-critical, cyber-physical systems. In this paper we ...

Runtime monitoring and logging are fundamental techniques for analyzing and supervising the behavior of computer programs. However, supporting these techniques for a given language induces significant development costs that can hold language engineers ...

Runtime monitoring is essential for ensuring the safe operation and enabling self-adaptive behavior of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). It requires the creation of system monitors, instrumentation for data collection, and the definition of constraints. All ...

This paper proposes an interval observer design method to construct lower-bound and upper-bound of system state trajectories in run time. The developed interval observer consists of two auxiliary neural networks derived from the neural network in ...

The modern technological advances allow IMDs to be accessed and controlled wirelessly, making them more vulnerable to a variety of security attacks. In this work, we propose a new approach of dual input channel to the runtime monitor that takes both ECG ...

Software product lines (SPLs) are known for improving productivity and reducing time-to-market through the systematic reuse of assets. SPLs are adopted mainly by re-engineering existing system variants. Feature location techniques (FLTs) support the re-...

Fog computing is an emerging distributed computational paradigm that moves the computation towards the edge (i.e., where data are produced). Although Fog operating systems provide basic security mechanisms, security controls over the behaviour of ...

Verification techniques have been applied to the design of secure protocols for decades. However, relatively few efforts have been made to ensure that verified designs are also implemented securely. Static code verification techniques offer one way to ...