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Cryptocurrency, despite the upsurge as a speculative investment, is still a long way from being people’s money. The extreme technicality poses a significant barrier for the general public to adopt it as a medium of exchange. Therefore, simplifying the ...

In this paper, we investigate the real-time fine-grained passenger flows in a complex metro system. Our primary focus is on addressing crucial questions, such as determining the number of passengers on a moving train and in specific station areas (...

The quality of the healthcare environment has become an essential factor for healthcare users to access quality services. Smart healthcare systems use the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices to capture patients’ health data for treatment or ...

Telemedical server system enables a user to support the monitoring of health at home and access the medical facility over the network. Recently, many schemes have been proposed for providing security in the medical server system. Recently in year 2017, ...

In China, the electric power industry has used the two-ticket system to ensure safety of power production and employees. Currently, the two-ticket system are normally paper based and manually operated, suffering problems such as invalid ticket filling, ...

The best solution to perform remote authentication verification is offered by the authentication scheme that opts a smart card. Such schemes are developed by using the combination of password and biometric identity. Biometric-based authentication schemes ...

Smart card-based authentication schemes play an important role in remote system access and provide a secure method for resource sharing. Over the past two decades, many password-based authentication schemes have been proposed and illustrated by ...

With the agile development of the Internet era, starting from the message transmission to money transactions, everything is online now. Remote user authentication (RUA) is a mechanism in which a remote server verifies the user’s correctness over the ...

In the new era of technology, smart cards play a critical role in economic and social interactions. Security vulnerabilities of these smart cards are the main concern for many users as well as researchers. Authentication has been used as one of the basic ...

A single sign-on authentication scheme is required protocol in multi-server environment. Recently, an authentication protocol based on Lagrange interpolation polynomial to satisfy multi-server environment with low computational and communication cost is ...

Recently, Liu et al came up with an authentication with key agreement scheme for securing communication over the low‐earth‐orbit satellite communication systems. However, this paper demonstrates that this scheme cannot provide perfect forward ...

This paper demonstrates that Liu et al's scheme cannot provide perfect forward secrecy or defend against the smart card stolen attack, and has some very bad design defects, and then presents a new scheme. The security analyses by the widely used BAN logic ...

The security of information systems is one of the major problems facing the institutions. The application of a security policy is very essential for the management of the security of information systems. The implementation of a strategy of successful ...

Two-factor authenticated key exchange (TFAKE) protocols are critical tools for ensuring identity authentication and secure data transmission for cloud computing. Until now, numerous TFAKE protocols based on smart cards and passwords are proposed under ...

While many Android apps provide end-to-end encryption, the cryptographic keys are still stored on the device itself and can thus be stolen by exploiting vulnerabilities. External cryptographic hardware solves this issue, but is currently only used for ...

Sensitive data stored in laptops or other mobile devices can easily be lost, stolen, misplaced or corrupted, the remote backup storage technique is used to address these issues; however, the backup server could not be fully trusted, the data should be ...

In recent years, with the increasing amount of internet-connected devices, people tend to access the internet more frequently. User authentication protocol has become one of the most widely used techniques to construct communication between valid users ...

Telecare Medicine Information System holds up health-care delivery service between patients and doctor. Send the user or TMIS server's information through the public channel. To protect patients' personal information such has telephone number, home ...

Connected health care is a remotely healthcare system and it provides several services including telecare medicine, personally controlled health record, patient monitoring and so on. Recently, Xu et al. have shown that Xie et al.'s remote user ...

Biometrics have become important for authentication on mobile devices, e.g. to unlock devices before using them. One way to protect biometric information stored on mobile devices from disclosure is using embedded smart cards (SCs) with biometric match-...

Client-server-based communications provide a facility by which users can get several services from home via the Internet. As the Internet is an insecure channel, it is needed to protect information of communicators. An authentication scheme can fulfill ...