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- research-articleAugust 2023
Unified Digit Selection for Radix-4 Recurrence Division and Square Root
IEEE Transactions on Computers (ITCO), Volume 73, Issue 1Pages 292–300https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2023.3305760Division and square root are fundamental operations required by most computer systems. They are commonly implemented in hardware using radix-4 recurrence, which produces a 2-bit result digit on each step. Unified digit selection logic chooses the next ...
- research-articleOctober 2022
PAM: A Piecewise-Linearly-Approximated Floating-Point Multiplier With Unbiasedness and Configurability
IEEE Transactions on Computers (ITCO), Volume 71, Issue 10Pages 2473–2486https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2021.3131850Approximate computing is a promising alternative to improve energy efficiency for IoT devices on the edge. This work proposes a piecewise-linearly-approximated and unbiased floating-point approximate multiplier with run-time configurability. We provide a ...
- research-articleJune 2022
High-Accuracy Multiply-Accumulate (MAC) Technique for Unary Stochastic Computing
IEEE Transactions on Computers (ITCO), Volume 71, Issue 6Pages 1425–1439https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2021.3087027Multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations are common in data processing and machine learning but costly in terms of hardware usage. Stochastic Computing (SC) is a promising approach for low-cost hardware design of complex arithmetic operations such as ...
- research-articleMarch 2022
An Efficient CRT-Based Bit-Parallel Multiplier for Special Pentanomials
IEEE Transactions on Computers (ITCO), Volume 71, Issue 3Pages 736–742https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2021.3058346The Chinese remainder theorem (CRT)-based multiplier is a new type of hybrid bit-parallel multiplier, which can achieve nearly the same time complexity compared with the fastest multiplier known to date with reduced space complexity. However, the current ...
- research-articleFebruary 2022
High-Radix Design of a Scalable Montgomery Modular Multiplier With Low Latency
IEEE Transactions on Computers (ITCO), Volume 71, Issue 2Pages 436–449https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2021.3052999The proposed herein is a scalable high-radix (i.e., <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2^m$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msup><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>m</mml:mi></mml:msup></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="zhang-ieq1-3052999.gif"/>...
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- research-articleMarch 2021
Area-Optimized Accurate and Approximate Softcore Signed Multiplier Architectures
IEEE Transactions on Computers (ITCO), Volume 70, Issue 3Pages 384–392https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2020.2988404Multiplication is one of the most extensively used arithmetic operations in a wide range of applications. In order to provide resource-efficient and high-performance multipliers, previous works have proposed different designs of accurate and approximate ...
- research-articleApril 2020
Approximate Restoring Dividers Using Inexact Cells and Estimation From Partial Remainders
IEEE Transactions on Computers (ITCO), Volume 69, Issue 4Pages 468–474https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2019.2953751Approximate computing can be used in error-resilient applications to reduce power consumption and increase overall circuit performance. This article introduces two approximate dividers with restoring array-based architecture that achieve substantial ...
- research-articleApril 2020
Arithmetic Approaches for Rigorous Design of Reliable Fixed-Point LTI Filters
IEEE Transactions on Computers (ITCO), Volume 69, Issue 4Pages 489–504https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2019.2950658In this paper we target the Fixed-Point (FxP) implementation of Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) filters evaluated with state-space equations. We assume that wordlengths are fixed and that our goal is to determine binary point positions that guarantee the ...
- research-articleMarch 2020
Towards the Integration of Reverse Converters into the RNS Channels
IEEE Transactions on Computers (ITCO), Volume 69, Issue 3Pages 342–348https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2019.2948335The conversion from a Residue Number System (RNS) to a weighted representation is a costly inter-modulo operation that introduces delay and area overhead to RNS processors, while also increasing power consumption. This paper proposes a new approach to ...
- research-articleNovember 2019
Design and Analysis of Area and Power Efficient Approximate Booth Multipliers
IEEE Transactions on Computers (ITCO), Volume 68, Issue 11Pages 1697–1703https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2019.2926275Approximate computing is an emerging technique in which power-efficient circuits are designed with reduced complexity in exchange for some loss in accuracy. Such circuits are suitable for applications in which high accuracy is not a strict requirement. ...
- research-articleNovember 2019
Algorithms for Triple-Word Arithmetic
IEEE Transactions on Computers (ITCO), Volume 68, Issue 11Pages 1573–1583https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2019.2918451Triple-word arithmetic consists in representing high-precision numbers as the unevaluated sum of three floating-point numbers (with “nonoverlapping” constraints that are explicited in the paper). We introduce and analyze various algorithms for ...
- research-articleNovember 2019
Low-Power Unsigned Divider and Square Root Circuit Designs Using Adaptive Approximation
IEEE Transactions on Computers (ITCO), Volume 68, Issue 11Pages 1635–1646https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2019.2916817In this paper, an adaptive approximation approach is proposed for the design of a divider and a square root (SQR) circuit. In this design, the division/SQR is computed by using a reduced-width divider/SQR circuit and a shifter by adaptively pruning some ...
- research-articleJanuary 2019
An Efficient Method for Calculating the Error Statistics of Block-Based Approximate Adders
IEEE Transactions on Computers (ITCO), Volume 68, Issue 1Pages 21–38https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2018.2859960Adders are key building blocks of many error-tolerant applications. Recently, a number of approximate adders were proposed. Many of them are block-based approximate adders. For approximate circuits, besides normal metrics such as area and delay, the other ...
- research-articleSeptember 2018
Unbiased Rounding for HUB Floating-Point Addition
IEEE Transactions on Computers (ITCO), Volume 67, Issue 9Pages 1359–1365https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2018.2807429Half-Unit-Biased (HUB) is an emerging format based on shifting the represented numbers by half Unit in the Last Place. This format simplifies two's complement and round-to-nearest operations by preventing any carry propagation. This saves power ...
- research-articleNovember 2017
Probabilistic Error Analysis of Approximate Recursive Multipliers
IEEE Transactions on Computers (ITCO), Volume 66, Issue 11Pages 1982–1990https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2017.2709542Approximate multipliers are gaining importance in energy-efficient computing and require careful error analysis. In this paper, we present the error probability analysis for recursive approximate multipliers with approximate partial products. Since these ...
- research-articleOctober 2017
Majority Logic Formulations for Parallel Adder Designs at Reduced Delay and Circuit Complexity
IEEE Transactions on Computers (ITCO), Volume 66, Issue 10Pages 1824–1830https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2017.2696524The design of high-performance adders has experienced a renewed interest in the last few years; among high performance schemes, parallel prefix adders constitute an important class. They require a logarithmic number of stages and are typically realized ...
- research-articleAugust 2017
Evaluation of Large Integer Multiplication Methods on Hardware
IEEE Transactions on Computers (ITCO), Volume 66, Issue 8Pages 1369–1382https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2017.2677426Multipliers requiring large bit lengths have a major impact on the performance of many applications, such as cryptography, digital signal processing (DSP) and image processing. Novel, optimised designs of large integer multiplication are needed as ...
- research-articleAugust 2017
Design of Approximate Radix-4 Booth Multipliers for Error-Tolerant Computing
IEEE Transactions on Computers (ITCO), Volume 66, Issue 8Pages 1435–1441https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2017.2672976Approximate computing is an attractive design methodology to achieve low power, high performance (low delay) and reduced circuit complexity by relaxing the requirement of accuracy. In this paper, approximate Booth multipliers are designed based on ...
- research-articleAugust 2017
New Block Recombination for Subquadratic Space Complexity Polynomial Multiplication Based on Overlap-Free Approach
IEEE Transactions on Computers (ITCO), Volume 66, Issue 8Pages 1396–1406https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2017.2669998In this paper, we present new parallel polynomial multiplication formulas which result in subquadratic space complexity. The schemes are based on a recently proposed block recombination of polynomial multiplication formula. The proposed two-way, three-way,...
- research-articleMarch 2017
Probabilistic Error Modeling for Approximate Adders
IEEE Transactions on Computers (ITCO), Volume 66, Issue 3Pages 515–530https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2016.2605382Approximate adders are widely being advocated as a means to achieve performance gain in error resilient applications. In this paper, a generic methodology for analytical modeling of probability of occurrence of error and the Probability Mass Function (...