Abstract
Cluster-based routing protocol has special advantages to enhance scalability and efficiency of the routing protocol. The technique to network clustering that maximizes the network lifetime is an important topic of research in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we present an energy aware cluster-based routing algorithm (ECRA) for the wireless sensor networks such that the network lifetime can be maximized. ECRA randomly selects some nodes as cluster-heads to construct Voronoi diagram and rotates the intra-cluster nodes to distribute the energy load to all sensors in the network. The simulations show that ECRA algorithm outperforms than direct communication, static clustering and LEACH. The system lifetime of ECRA is approximately 2 times than LEACH. This is because the ECRA rotates intra-cluster-heads to balance the load to all nodes in the sensor networks.
This research was supported in part by the National Science Council, Taiwan, ROC, under grant NSC 94-2219-E-009-005 and NSC94-2752-E-009-005-PAE and in part by the Intel.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chien, C., Elgorriaga, I., McConaghy, C.: Low-Power Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum Modem Architecture for Distributed Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Proceedings of the 6th ACM International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED 2003), pp. 251–254 (2003)
Sinha, A., Chandrakasan, A.: Dynamic Power Management in Wireless Sensor Networks. In: IEEE Design and Test of Computers, pp. 62–74 (2001)
Wei, Y., Heideman, J., Estrin, D.: An Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Proceedings of 21st Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, pp. 1567–1576 (2002)
Moy, J.: OSPF Version 2. RFC 2178. Internet Engineering Task Fource (1997)
Moy, J.: OSPF: Anatomy of An Internet Routing Protocol. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1998)
Boukerche, A., Cheng, X., Linus, J.: Energy-Aware Data-Centric Routing in Microsensor Networks. In: Proceedings of the 6th ACM International Workshop on Modeling Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems, pp. 459–468 (2003)
Shah, R.C., Rabaey, J.M.: Energy Aware Routing for Low Energy Ad Hoc Sensor Networks. In: Proceedings of Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (2001)
Hong, X., Gerla, M., Bagrodia, R., Taek, J.K., Estabrook, P., Guangy, P.: The Mars Sensor Network: Efficient, Power Aware Communications. In: Proceedings of Military Communications Conferences (MILCOM 2001), pp. 418–422 (2001)
Hong, X., Gerla, M., Hanbiao, W., Clare, L.: Load Balanced, Energy-Aware Communications for Mars Semsor Networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE Aerospae Conference, pp. 1109–1115 (2002)
Sohrabi, K., Pottie, J.: Protocols for Self-Organization of a wireless Sensor Network. In: IEEE Personal Communications, pp. 16–27 (2000)
Heinzelman, W.R., Chandrakasan, A., Balakrishnan, H.: Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks. In: Proceedings of HICSS, pp. 1–10 (2000)
Heinzelman, W.R., Chandrakasan, A., Balakrishnan, H.: An Application-Specific Protocol Architecture for Wireless Microsensor Networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications (2002)
Lindsey, S., Raghavendra, C.: PEGASIS: Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems. In: IEEE Aerospace Conference Procedings, pp. 1125–1130 (2002)
Heinzelman, W.R., Kulik, J., Balakrishnan, H.: Adaptive Protocols for Information Dissemination in Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Proceedings of the ACM MobiCom 1999, pp. 174–185 (1999)
Kulik, J., Heinzelman, W.R., Balakrishnan, H.: Negotiation-based Protocols for Disseminating Information in Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Wirelwss Networks, pp. 521–534 (2002)
Chiasserini, C., Chlamtac, I., Monti, P., Nucci, A.: An Energy-Efficient Method for Nodes Assignment in Cluster-Based Ad Hoc Networks. In: ACM Wireless Networks, pp. 223–231 (2004)
Bandyopadhyay, S., Coyle, E.J.: An Energy Efficient Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks. In: IEEE INFOCOM, pp. 1713–1723 (2003)
Younis, M., Youssef, M., Arisha, K.: Energy-Aware Routing in Cluster-based Sensor Networks. In: Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Symposium, pp. 129–136 (2002)
Mhatre, V., Rosenberg, C.: Homogeneous vs Homogeneous Clustered Sensor Networks: A Comparative Study. In: IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2004 (2004)
Iwata, A., Chiang, C.-C., Pei, G., Gerla, M., Chen, T.-W.: Scalable Routing Strategies for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks. In: IEEE JSAC, pp. 1369–1379 (1999)
Chen, W., Jain, N., Singh, S.: ANMP: Ad Hoc Network Management Protocol. In: IEEE JSAC, pp. 1506–1531 (1999)
Kwon, T., Gerla, M.: Clustering with Power Control. In: Proceedings of Military Communications Conferences (MILCOM 1999), pp. 1424–1428 (1999)
Mulmuley, K.: Computational Geometry. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1994)
Aurenhammer, F.: Voronoi Diagrams - A Survey of A Fundamental Geometric Data Structure. ACM Computing Surveys 23, 345–405 (1991)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Chang, JH., Jan, RH. (2005). An Energy Aware, Cluster-Based Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Yang, L.T., Amamiya, M., Liu, Z., Guo, M., Rammig, F.J. (eds) Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing – EUC 2005. EUC 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3824. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11596356_28
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11596356_28
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-30807-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-32295-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)