Abstract
An adversary who knows a watermarking scheme can extract the watermarked coefficients and attack them directly. This situation can be understood in a similar way to jamming as known from military communications and system performance can be described in terms of channel capacity and distortion. Using a gradient method, the attack is optimized from the adversary’s viewpoint by minimizing channel capac- ity. It turns out that then for the same level of distortion and equiproba- ble modulation symbols binary modulation can achieve a higher channel capacity than modulation alphabets of larger size.
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Breitbach, M., Imai, H. (1999). On Channel Capacity and Modulation of Watermarks in Digital Still Images. In: Franklin, M. (eds) Financial Cryptography. FC 1999. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1648. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48390-X_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48390-X_10
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