Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Provably Correct Systems

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems (FTRTFT 1994, ProCoS 1994)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 863))

Abstract

The goal of the Provably Correct Systems project (ProCoS) is to develop a mathematical basis for development of embedded, real-time, computer systems. This survey paper introduces the specification languages and verification techniques for four levels of development: Requirements definition and control design; Transformation to a systems architecture with program designs and their transformation to programs; Compilation of real-time programs to conventional processors, and Compilation of programs to hardware.

This work is partially funded by the Commission of the European Communities (CEC) under the ESPRIT programme in the field of Basic Research Project No. 7071: “ProCoS II: Provably Correct Systems”. The hardware compilation work is partially funded by the UK Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC) under the Information Engineering Directorate SAFEMOS project (IED3/1/1036).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. R. J. R. Back. Refinement calculus, part II: Parallel and reactive programs. In J. W. de Bakker, W.-P. de Roever, and G. Rozenberg, editors, Stepwise Refinement of Distributed Systems: Models, Formalisms, Correctness, volume 430 of LNCS, pages 67–93, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  2. J. C. M. Baeten and P. Weijland. Process Algebra. Cambridge University Press, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  3. F. L. Bauer et al. The Munich Project CIP, Volume II: The Transformation System CIP-S, volume 292 of LNCS. Springer-Verlag, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  4. W. R. Bevier, W. A. Hunt, Jr., and W. D. Young. Towards verified execution environments. Technical Report 5, Computational Logic, Inc., Austin, Texas, USA, February 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  5. D. BjØrner, H. Langmaack, and C. A. R. Hoare. ProCoS I final deliverable. ProCoS Technical Report [ID/DTH DB 13/1], Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark, January 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Egon Börger, Igor Durdanovic, and Dean Rosenzweig. Occam: Specification and compiler correctness — Part I: The primary model. unpublished note.

    Google Scholar 

  7. A. Bouajjani, R. Echahed, and R. Robbana. Verifying invariance properties of timed systems with duration variables. In these proceedings, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  8. J. P. Bowen, editor. Towards Verified Systems. Real-Time Safety Critical Systems Series. Elsevier, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  9. J. P. Bowen, M. FrÄnzle, E.-R. Olderog, and A. P. Ravn. Developing correct systems. In Proc. 5th Euromicro Workshop on Real-Time Systems, pages 176–189. IEEE Computer Society Press, June 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  10. J. P. Bowen, He Jifeng, and I. Page. Hardware compilation. In Bowen [8], chapter 10, pages 193–207.

    Google Scholar 

  11. J. P. Bowen and V. Stavridou. Safety-critical systems, formal methods and standards. IEE/BCS Software Engineering Journal, 8(4):189–209, July 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  12. S. Brien, M. Engel, He Jifeng, A. P. Ravn, and H. Rischel. Z model for Duration Calculus. ProCoS Technical Report [OU HJF 12/2], Oxford University Computing Laboratory, UK, September 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  13. G. M. Brown. Towards truly delay-insensitive circuit realizations of process algebras. In G. Jones and M. Sheeran, editors, Designing Correct Circuits, Workshops in Computing, pages 120–131. Springer-Verlag, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  14. M. Broy. Specification and top-down design of distributed systems. J. Comput. System Sci., 34:236–265, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  15. R. H. Campbell and A. N. Habermann. The specification of process synchronisation by path expressions. In E. Gelenbe and C. Kaiser, editors, Operating Systems, International Symposium, Rocquencourt 1974, volume 16 of LNCS. Springer-Verlag, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  16. K. M. Chandy and J. Misra. Parallel Program Design: A Foundation. Addison-Wesley, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  17. M. Engel et al. A formal approach to computer systems requirements documentation. In R. L. Grossman, A. Nerode, A. P. Ravn, and H. Rischel, editors, Hybrid Systems, volume 736 of LNCS, pages 452–474, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  18. M. FrÄnzle and M. Müller-Olm. Towards provably correct code generation for a hard real-time programming language. In P. A. Fritzson, editor, Compiler Construction '94, 5th International Conference, Edinburgh, UK, volume 786 of LNCS, pages 294–308, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  19. M. FrÄnzle and B. von Karger. Proposal for a programming language core for ProCoS II. ProCoS Technical Report [Kiel MF 11/3], Christian-Albrechts-UniversitÄt Kiel, Germany, August 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  20. C. Ghezzi, D. Mandrioli, and A. Morzenti. TRIO: A logic language for executable specifications of real-time systems. Journal of Systems and Software, May 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  21. D. I. Good and W. D. Young. Mathematical methods for digital system development. In S. Prehn and W. J. Toetenel, editors, VDM '91, Formal Software Development Methods: Volume 2, volume 552 of LNCS, pages 406–430, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  22. M. R. Hansen and Zhou Chaochen. Semantics and completeness of the Duration Calculus. In J. W. de Bakker, K. Huizing, W.-P. de Roever, and G. Rozenberg, editors, Real-Time: Theory in Practice, volume 600 of LNCS, pages 209–225, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  23. D. Harel. Statecharts: A visual formalism for complex systems. Science of Computer Programming, 8:231–274, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  24. He Jifeng and J. P. Bowen. Time interval semantics and implementation of a real-time programming language. In Proc. 4th Euromicro Workshop on Real-Time Systems, pages 110–115. IEEE Computer Society Press, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  25. He Jifeng, I. Page, and J. P. Bowen. Towards a provably correct hardware implementation of Occam. In G. J. Milne and L. Pierre, editors, Correct Hardware Design and Verification Methods, volume 683 of LNCS, pages 214–225. Springer-Verlag, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  26. C. A. R. Hoare. Communicating Sequential Processes. Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  27. C. A. R. Hoare. Refinement algebra proves correctness of compiling specifications. In C. C. Morgan and J. C. P. Woodcock, editors, 3rd Refinement Workshop, Workshops in Computer Science, pages 33–48. Springer-Verlag, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  28. C. A. R. Hoare, I. J. Hayes, He Jifeng, C. C. Morgan, A. W. Roscoe, J. W. Sanders, I. H. SØrensen, J. M. Spivey, and B. A. Sufrin. Laws of programming. Communications of the ACM, 30(8):672–687, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  29. C. A. R. Hoare, He Jifeng, and A. Sampaio. Normal form approach to compiler design. Acta Informatica, 30:701–739, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  30. J. Hooman and J. Widom. A temporal-logic based compositional proof system for real-time message passing. In PARLE '89, Parallel Architectures and Languages Europe: Volume II, volume 366 of LNCS, pages 424–441. Springer, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  31. R. Inal. Modular specification of real-time systems. In Proc. 6th Euromicro Workshop on Real-Time Systems, pages 16–21. IEEE Computer Society Press, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  32. INMOS Limited. Occam 2 Reference Manual. Prentice Hall, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  33. INMOS limited. Transputer Instruction Set: A Compiler Writer's Guide. Prentice Hall, first edition, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  34. M. S. Jaffe, N. G. Leveson, M. P. Heimdahl, and B. E. Melhart. Software requirements analysis for real-time process-control systems. IEEE Trans. Software Engineering, 17(3):241–258, March 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  35. J. J. Joyce. Totally verified systems: Linking verified software to verified hardware. In M. Leeser and G. Brown, editors, Hardware Specification, Verification and Synthesis: Mathematical Aspects, volume 408 of LNCS, pages 277–201, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  36. R. Koymans. Specifying real-time properties with metric temporal logic. Real-Time Systems, 2(4):255–299, November 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  37. B. Krieg-Brückner. Algebraic specification and functionals for transformational program and meta program development. In J. Diaz and F. Orejas, editors, Proc. TAPSOFT '89: Volume 2, volume 352 of LNCS, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  38. L. Lamport. The temporal logic of actions. Technical report, Digital Systems Research Center, 130 Lytton Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94301, USA, 25 December 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  39. L. Lamport. Hybrid systems in TLA+. In R. L. Grossman, A. Nerode, A. P. Ravn, and H. Rischel, editors, Hybrid Systems, volume 736 of LNCS, pages 77–102, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  40. N. Leveson. Software safety in embedded computer systems. Communications of the ACM, 34(2):34–46, February 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  41. N. A. Lynch and M. R. Tuttle. Hierarchical correctness proofs for distributed algorithms. In Proc. 6th PODC, pages 137–151, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Z. Manna and A. Pnueli. The Temporal Logic of Reactive and Concurrent Systems. Springer-Verlag, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  43. A. J. Martin. The design of a delay-insensitive microprocessor: An example of circuit synthesis by program transformation. In M. Leeser and G. Brown, editors, Hardware Specification, Verification and Synthesis: Mathematical Aspects, volume 408 of LNCS, pages 244–259, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  44. A. J. Martin. Programming in VLSI: From communicating processes into delay-insensitive circuits. In C. A. R. Hoare, editor, Developments in Concurrency and Communication, University of Texas at Austin Year of Programming Series, chapter 1. Addison-Wesley, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  45. P. C. Masiero, A. P. Ravn, and H. Rischel. Refinement of real-time specifications. ProCoS Technical Report [ID/DTH PCM 1/1], Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark, July 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  46. D. May. Occam and the Transputer. In C. A. R. Hoare, editor, Developments in Concurrency and Communication, University of Texas at Austin Year of Programming Series, chapter 2. Addison-Wesley, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  47. J. McCarthy and J. Painter. Correctness of a compiler for arithmetic expressions. In J. Schwarz, editor, Proc. Symp. Applied Mathematics, pages 33–41. American Mathematical Society, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  48. R. Milner. Communication and Concurrency. Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Robin Milner, Mads Tofte, and Robert Harper. The Definition of Standard ML. The MIT Press, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  50. C. C. Morgan. Data refinement by miracles. Information Processing Letters, 26:243–246, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  51. C. C. Morgan. Programming From Specifications. Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  52. F. Lockwood Morris. Advice on structuring compilers and proving them correct. In Proc. ACM Symp. Principles of Programming Languages, Boston, Mass., pages 144–152, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  53. B. Moszkowski. A temporal logic for multi-level reasoning about hardware. IEEE Computer, 18(2):10–19, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  54. B. Moszkowski. Executing Temporal Logic Programs. Cambridge University Press, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  55. M. Müller-Olm. On translation of TimedPL and capture of machine instruction timing. ProCoS Technical Report [Kiel MMO 6/2], Christian-Albrechts-UniversitÄt Kiel, Germany, August 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Markus Müller-Olm. A new proposal for TimedPL's semantics. ProCoS Technical Report Kiel MMO 10/1, Christian-Albrechts-UniversitÄt Kiel, Germany, May 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  57. E.-R. Olderog. Nets, Terms and Formulas. Cambridge University Press, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  58. E.-R. Olderog. Towards a design calculus for communicating programs. In J. C. M. Baeten and J. F. Groote, editors, Proc. CONCUR '91, volume 527 of LNCS, pages 61–72, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  59. E.-R. Olderog. Interfaces between languages for communicating systems. In W. Kuich, editor, Automata, Languages and Programming, volume 623 of LNCS, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  60. E.-R. Olderog and S. Rössig. A case study in transformational design of concurrent systems. In M.-C. Gaudel and J.-P. Jouannaud, editors, TAPSOFT '93: Theory and Practice of Software Development, volume 668 of LNCS, pages 90–104, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  61. E.-R. Olderog, S. Rössig, J. Sander, and M. Schenke. ProCoS at Oldenburg: The interface between specification language and Occam-like programming language. Technical Report Bericht 3/92, Univ. Oldenburg, Fachbereich Informatik, Germany, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  62. I. Page and W. Luk. Compiling Occam into field programmable gate arrays. In FPGAs, Oxford Workshop on Field Programmable Logic and Applications, pages 271–284, 15 Harcourt Way, Abingdon OX14 1NV, UK, 1991. Abingdon EE&CS Books.

    Google Scholar 

  63. D. L. Parnas and P. C. Clements. A rational design process: How and why to fake it. IEEE Trans. Software Engineering, 12(2):251–257, February 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  64. D. L. Parnas and J. Madey. Functional documentation for computer systems engineering (version 2). Technical Report CRL 237, TRIO, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada, September 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  65. A. Pnueli and E. Harel. Applications of temporal logic to the specification of real-time systems (extended abstract). In M. Joseph, editor, Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems, volume 331 of LNCS, pages 84–98. Springer, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  66. A. P. Ravn and H. Rischel. Requirements capture for embedded real-time systems. In Proc. IMACS-MCTS'91 Symp. on Modelling and Control of Technological Systems, volume 2, pages 147–152. IMACS, May 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  67. A. P. Ravn, H. Rischel, and K. M. Hansen. Specifying and verifying requirements of real-time systems. IEEE Trans. Software Engineering, 19(1):41–55, January 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  68. A. W. Roscoe and C. A. R. Hoare. Laws of Occam programming. Theoretical Computer Science, 60:177–229, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  69. S. Rössig and M. Schenke. Specification and stepwise development of communicating systems. In S. Prehn and W. J. Toetenel, editors, VDM '91, Formal Software Development Methods: Volume 1, volume 551 of LNCS, pages 149–163, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  70. M. Schenke. Specification and transformation of reactive systems with time restrictions and concurrency. In these proceedings, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  71. J. U. SkakkebÆk, A. P. Ravn, H. Rischel, and Zhou Chaochen. Specification of embedded, real-time systems. In Proc. 4th Euromicro Workshop on Real-Time Systems, pages 116–121. IEEE Computer Society Press, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  72. J. U. SkakkebÆk and N. Shankar. Towards a Duration Calculus proof assistant in PVS. In these proceedings, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  73. J. M. Spivey. The Z Notation: A Reference Manual. Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science, 2nd edition, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  74. J. W. Thatcher, E. G. Wagner, and J. B. Wright. More on advice on structuring compilers and proving them correct. Theoretical Computer Science, 15:223–245, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Y. Venema. A modal logic for chopping intervals. J. Logic of Computation, 1(4):453–476, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  76. A. Wikström. Functional Programming using Standard ML. Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science, first edition, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  77. M. W. Wilkes and J. B. Stringer. Micro-programming and the design of the control circuits in an electronic digital computer. Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc., 49:230–238, 1953. also Annals of Hist. Comp. 8, 2 (1986) 121–126.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Xilinx Inc. The programmable gate array data book. Technical report, Xilinx Inc., San Jose, California, USA, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Zhiming Liu, A. P. Ravn, E. V. SØrensen, and Zhou Chaochen. Towards a calculus of systems dependability. High Integrity Systems, 1(1):49–75, January 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Zhou Chaochen. Duration Calculi: An overview. In D. BjØrner, M. Broy, and I. V. Pottosin, editors, Formal Methods in Programming and their Application, volume 735 of LNCS, pages 256–266, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Zhou Chaochen, M. R. Hansen, and P. Sestoft. Decidability results for Duration Calculus. In P. Enjalbert, A. Finkel, and K. W. Wagner, editors, Proc. STACS 93, volume 665 of LNCS, pages 58–68, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Zhou Chaochen, C. A. R. Hoare, and A. P. Ravn. A calculus of durations. Information Processing Letters, 40(5), December 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Zhou Chaochen, A. P. Ravn, and M. R. Hansen. An extended Duration Calculus for hybrid real-time systems. In R. L. Grossman, A. Nerode, A. P. Ravn, and H. Rischel, editors, Hybrid Systems, volume 736 of LNCS, pages 36–59, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  84. J. Zwiers. Compositionality, Concurrency, and Partial Correctness: Proof Theories for Networks of Processes and their Relationship, volume 321 of LNCS. Springer-Verlag, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oxford University Computing Laboratory, Wolfson Building, Parks Road, OX1 3QD, Oxford, UK

    Jifeng He & C. A. R. Hoare

  2. Institut für Informatik und Praktische Mathematik, Christian-Albrechts-UniversitÄt zu Kiel, Preu\erstra\e 1-9, D-24105, Kiel, Germany

    Martin FrÄnzle & Markus Müller-Olm

  3. FB Informatik, UniversitÄt Oldenburg, Postfach 2503, D-26111, Oldenburg, Germany

    Ernst-Rüdiger Olderog & Michael Schenke

  4. Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, bldg. 344, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark

    Michael R. Hansen, Anders P. Ravn & Hans Rischel

Authors
  1. Jifeng He
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. C. A. R. Hoare
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Martin FrÄnzle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Markus Müller-Olm
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ernst-Rüdiger Olderog
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Michael Schenke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Michael R. Hansen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Anders P. Ravn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Hans Rischel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Hans Langmaack Willem-Paul de Roever Jan Vytopil

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

He, J. et al. (1994). Provably Correct Systems. In: Langmaack, H., de Roever, WP., Vytopil, J. (eds) Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems. FTRTFT ProCoS 1994 1994. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 863. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58468-4_171

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58468-4_171

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-58468-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-48984-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation