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Adenosine, Caffeine, and Performance: From Cognitive Neuroscience of Sleep to Sleep Pharmacogenetics

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Sleep, Neuronal Plasticity and Brain Function

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 25))

Abstract

An intricate interplay between circadian and sleep–wake homeostatic processes regulate cognitive performance on specific tasks, and individual differences in circadian preference and sleep pressure may contribute to individual differences in distinct neurocognitive functions. Attentional performance appears to be particularly sensitive to time of day modulations and the effects of sleep deprivation. Consistent with the notion that the neuromodulator, adenosine , plays an important role in regulating sleep pressure, pharmacologic and genetic data in animals and humans demonstrate that differences in adenosinergic tone affect sleepiness, arousal and vigilant attention in rested and sleep-deprived states. Caffeine —the most often consumed stimulant in the world—blocks adenosine receptors and normally attenuates the consequences of sleep deprivation on arousal, vigilance, and attention. Nevertheless, caffeine cannot substitute for sleep, and is virtually ineffective in mitigating the impact of severe sleep loss on higher-order cognitive functions. Thus, the available evidence suggests that adenosinergic mechanisms, in particular adenosine A2A receptor-mediated signal transduction, contribute to waking-induced impairments of attentional processes, whereas additional mechanisms must be involved in higher-order cognitive consequences of sleep deprivation. Future investigations should further clarify the exact types of cognitive processes affected by inappropriate sleep. This research will aid in the quest to better understand the role of different brain systems (e.g., adenosine and adenosine receptors) in regulating sleep, and sleep-related subjective state, and cognitive processes. Furthermore, it will provide more detail on the underlying mechanisms of the detrimental effects of extended wakefulness, as well as lead to the development of effective, evidence-based countermeasures against the health consequences of circadian misalignment and chronic sleep restriction.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland

    Emily Urry & Hans-Peter Landolt

  2. Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

    Hans-Peter Landolt

  3. Neuroscience Center Zürich (ZNZ), University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

    Hans-Peter Landolt

  4. Clinical Research Priority Program “Sleep & Health”, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

    Hans-Peter Landolt

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  1. Emily Urry
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Correspondence to Hans-Peter Landolt .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Behavior and Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Peter Meerlo

  2. Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

    Ruth M. Benca

  3. Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Ted Abel

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Urry, E., Landolt, HP. (2014). Adenosine, Caffeine, and Performance: From Cognitive Neuroscience of Sleep to Sleep Pharmacogenetics. In: Meerlo, P., Benca, R., Abel, T. (eds) Sleep, Neuronal Plasticity and Brain Function. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 25. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2014_274

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