Abstract
In pedestrian evacuations bottlenecks can be a crucial factor influencing the evacuation time. The main question involves the design of bottlenecks to enable unhindered pedestrian flow in order to optimize evacuation times. For better understanding of this problem, a set of experiments with pedestrians in different bottleneck-scenarios has been performed. The results enlarge the database and allow the testing of the basic assumptions of performance based egress design.
Within experimental series of evacuation trials the main focus is on two subjects of pedestrians flow dynamics: The fundamental diagram and bottleneck. In the following we present the bottleneck trials. The pedestrian experiments have been performed in well-controlled laboratory conditions. Special attention was given to the comparability of different experimental series because both variations of width and length of the bottleneck have an influence. Formation of lanes inside the bottleneck becomes less pronounced for wide bottlenecks, even for narrow bottlenecks the numbers of lanes don’t interfere with the linear relations between flow and bottleneck width. Based on the length of the bottleneck the behavior of pedestrians is different, going through a tunnel or a door. Short bottlenecks show strong non-stationarity.
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Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the German Government’s high-tech strategy, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). Program on “Research for Civil Security - Protecting and Saving Human Life”. Execution of experiments was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) KL 1873/1-1 and SE 1789/1-1. [6]
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Rupprecht, T., Klingsch, W., Seyfried, A. (2011). Influence of Geometry Parameters on Pedestrian Flow through Bottleneck. In: Peacock, R., Kuligowski, E., Averill, J. (eds) Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9725-8_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9725-8_7
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