Abstract
This paper is concerned with the phonetic realization of the voicing contrast by two Spanish speakers with surgery-related apraxia of speech and two matched control speakers. Specifically, it examines whether speakers with AOS, widely reported to have a deficit in laryngeal control, use nasal leak as a compensatory mechanism aimed at facilitating the initiation of voicing in word-initial stops. The results show that the two apraxic speakers produced prevoicing in /b d g/ in only one third of the cases (correctly identified as ‘voiced’). In these cases, however, they exhibited significantly longer prevoicing than control subjects, and this longer voiced portion was closely related to a longer nasal murmur. These results shed light on the compensation strategies used by apraxic subjects to achieve voicing. Differences in the intensity patterns of nasal and voiced stops indicate that apraxic speakers control the timing of velopharyngeal gesture, suggesting that apraxia is a selective impairment.
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Notes
- 1.
It is well known that Spanish /b d g/ are typically produced with voicing lead (‘pre-voicing’) such that the onset of vocal fold vibration precedes the release of the stop, resulting in negative VOT values, while /p t k/ are produced with a near-simultaneous release and onset of laryngeal vibration, resulting in VOT values that are approximately zero [10, 11]. Voiceless stops are phonetically realized as stops, i.e., with a complete oral closure, in all contexts. By contrast, voiced /b d g/ are realized as stops utterance-initially, after a nasal, or after [l] in the case of /d/, and systematically realized as approximants in all other contexts, for example, between vowels or after a continuant.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Tim Mahrt for his help with R scripting, Thierry Legou for his assistance with polynomial equations and María Machuca for her help with data transcription. This research has been supported by grants ANR-11-LABX-0036 (BLRI), ANR-11-IDEX-0001- (A*MIDEX), FFI2013-46354-P and FFI2017-84479-P, Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain.
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Marczyk, A.K., Meynadier, Y., Gaydina, Y., Solé, MJ. (2018). Dynamic Acoustic Evidence of Nasalization as a Compensatory Mechanism for Voicing in Spanish Apraxic Speech. In: Fang, Q., Dang, J., Perrier, P., Wei, J., Wang, L., Yan, N. (eds) Studies on Speech Production. ISSP 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10733. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00126-1_20
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