Abstract
We present LB-Spiral, a novel distributed directory protocol for shared objects, suitable for large-scale distributed shared memory systems. Each shared object has an owner node that can modify its value. The ownership may change by moving the object from one node to another in response to move requests. The value of an object can be read by other nodes with lookup requests. The distinctive feature of LB-Spiral is that it balances the processing load on nodes in addition to minimizing the communication cost in general network topologies. In contrast, the existing distributed directory protocols for general network topologies only minimize the communication cost. In particular, LB-Spiral achieves poly-log approximation for both load and communication cost in general networks with respect to the problem parameters.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agarwal, A., et al.: The MIT alewife machine: a large-scale distributed-memory multiprocessor. In: Dubois, M., Thakkar, S. (eds.) Workshop on Scalable Shared Memory Multiprocessors, pp. 239–261. Springer, Boston (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3604-8_13
Alon, N., Kalai, G., Ricklin, M., Stockmeyer, L.J.: Lower bounds on the competitive ratio for mobile user tracking and distributed job scheduling. Theor. Comput. Sci. 130(1), 175–201 (1994)
Attiya, H., Gramoli, V., Milani, A.: Directory protocols for distributed transactional memory. In: Guerraoui, R., Romano, P. (eds.) Transactional Memory. Foundations, Algorithms, Tools, and Applications. LNCS, vol. 8913, pp. 367–391. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14720-8_17
Awerbuch, B., Peleg, D.: Concurrent online tracking of mobile users. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 21(4), 221–233 (1991)
Bartal, Y.: Probabilistic approximation of metric spaces and its algorithmic applications. In: FOCS, pp. 184–193 (1996)
Censier, L.M., Feautrier, P.: A new solution to coherence problems in multicache systems. IEEE Trans. Comput. 27(12), 1112–1118 (1978)
Chaiken, D., Fields, C., Kurihara, K., Agarwal, A.: Directory-based cache coherence in large-scale multiprocessors. Computer 23(6), 49–58 (1990)
Demmer, M.J., Herlihy, M.P.: The arrow distributed directory protocol. In: Kutten, S. (ed.) DISC 1998. LNCS, vol. 1499, pp. 119–133. Springer, Heidelberg (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0056478
Fakcharoenphol, J., Rao, S., Talwar, K.: A tight bound on approximating arbitrary metrics by tree metrics. In: STOC, pp. 448–455 (2003)
Gorodezky, I., Kleinberg, R.D., Shmoys, D.B., Spencer, G.: Improved lower bounds for the universal and a priori TSP. In: Serna, M., Shaltiel, R., Jansen, K., Rolim, J. (eds.) RANDOM 2010, APPROX 2010. LNCS, vol. 6302, pp. 178–191. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15369-3_14
Gupta, A., Hajiaghayi, M.T., Räcke, H.: Oblivious network design. In: SODA, pp. 970–979 (2006)
Hajiaghayi, M.T., Kleinberg, R., Leighton, T.: Improved lower and upper bounds for universal TSP in planar metrics. In: SODA, pp. 649–658 (2006)
Herlihy, M., Moss, J.E.B.: Transactional memory: architectural support for lock-free data structures. In: ISCA, pp. 289–300 (1993)
Herlihy, M., Sun, Y.: Distributed transactional memory for metric-space networks. Distrib. Comput. 20(3), 195–208 (2007)
Jia, L., Lin, G., Noubir, G., Rajaraman, R., Sundaram, R.: Universal approximations for TSP, steiner tree, and set cover. In: STOC, pp. 386–395 (2005)
Krauthgamer, R., Lee, J.R.: Navigating nets: simple algorithms for proximity search. In: SODA, pp. 798–807 (2004)
Plaxton, C.G., Rajaraman, R., Richa, A.W.: Accessing nearby copies of replicated objects in a distributed environment. In: SPAA, pp. 311–320 (1997)
Rajaraman, R., Richa, A.W., Vöcking, B., Vuppuluri, G.: A data tracking scheme for general networks. In: SPAA, pp. 247–254 (2001)
Ratnasamy, S., Francis, P., Handley, M., Karp, R., Shenker, S.: A scalable content-addressable network. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 31(4), 161–172 (2001)
Raymond, K.: A tree-based algorithm for distributed mutual exclusion. ACM Trans. Comput. Syst. 7(1), 61–77 (1989)
Robins, G., Zelikovsky, A.: Improved steiner tree approximation in graphs. In: SODA, pp. 770–779 (2000)
Rowstron, A., Druschel, P.: Pastry: scalable, decentralized object location, and routing for large-scale peer-to-peer systems. In: Guerraoui, R. (ed.) Middleware 2001. LNCS, vol. 2218, pp. 329–350. Springer, Heidelberg (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45518-3_18
Sharma, G., Busch, C.: Distributed transactional memory for general networks. Distrib. Comput. 27(5), 329–362 (2014)
Sharma, G., Busch, C.: An analysis framework for distributed hierarchical directories. Algorithmica 71(2), 377–408 (2015)
Sharma, G., Busch, C.: A load balanced directory for distributed shared memory objects. J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. 78, 6–24 (2015)
Sharma, G., Busch, C.: Optimal nearest neighbor queries in sensor networks. Theor. Comput. Sci. 608, 146–165 (2015)
Shavit, N., Touitou, D.: Software transactional memory. Distrib. Comput. 10(2), 99–116 (1997)
Stoica, I., Morris, R., Karger, D., Kaashoek, M.F., Balakrishnan, H.: Chord: a scalable peer-to-peer lookup service for internet applications. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 31(4), 149–160 (2001)
Talwar, K.: Bypassing the embedding: algorithms for low dimensional metrics. In: STOC, pp. 281–290 (2004)
Zhang, B., Ravindran, B.: Brief announcement: Relay: a cache-coherence protocol for distributed transactional memory. In: Abdelzaher, T., Raynal, M., Santoro, N. (eds.) OPODIS 2009. LNCS, vol. 5923, pp. 48–53. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10877-8_6
Zhao, B.Y., Huang, L., Stribling, J., Rhea, S.C., Joseph, A.D., Kubiatowicz, J.D.: Tapestry: a resilient global-scale overlay for service deployment. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 22(1), 41–53 (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Rai, S., Sharma, G., Busch, C., Herlihy, M. (2018). Load Balanced Distributed Directories. In: Izumi, T., Kuznetsov, P. (eds) Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems. SSS 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11201. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03232-6_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03232-6_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-03231-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-03232-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)