Abstract
As autonomous driving, industry 4.0, smart cities, etc. become very popular, safety relevant computing is demanding high performance processors to manage an increasing number of sensors, actuators and control units. In this context, safety critical environments (typically run by real time operating systems) have to co-exist with one or multiple functional rich environments, e.g., Linux. Existing virtualization technologies today are considered not secure enough to isolate these two execution environment types. For this reason this paper evaluates x86 System Management Mode (SMM) as a technology for building mixed critical virtualization solutions. Considering them as key performance indicators, interrupt context switch and the minimal round trip time overheads have been measured. The obtained results on an Intel platform of respectively 1.39 \(\upmu \)s and 12.73 \(\upmu \)s, confirm a high potential for SMM. At the best of our knowledge, this is the first work considering SMM as possible solution for mixed critical environments.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sierra-Arriaga, F., Branco, R., Lee, B.: Security issues and challenges for virtualization technologies. ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR) 53(2), 1–37 (2020)
Duflot, L., Grumelard, O., Levillain, O., Morin, B.: ACPI and SMI handlers: some limits to trusted computing. J. Comput. Virol. 6(4), 353–374 (2010)
Rauchberger, J., Luh, R., Schrittwieser, S.: Longkit-a universal framework for BIOS/UEFI rootkits in system management mode. In: ICISSP, pp. 346–353 (2017)
Embleton, S., Sparks, S., Zou, C.C.: SMM rootkit: a new breed of OS independent malware. Secur. Commun. Netw. 6(12), 1590–1605 (2013)
Wojtczuk, R., Rutkowska, J.: Attacking intel trusted execution technology. Black Hat DC 2009, pp. 1–6 (2009)
Delgado, B., Karavanic, K.L.: Performance implications of system management mode. In: IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization (IISWC), pp. 163–173. IEEE (2013)
Zhang, F., Leach, K., Wang, H., Stavrou, A.: Trustlogin: securing password-login on commodity operating systems. In: Proceedings of the 10th ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications Security, pp. 333–344 (2015)
Azab, A.M., Ning, P., Zhang, X.: SICE: a hardware-level strongly isolated computing environment for x86 multi-core platforms. In: Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pp. 375–388 (2011)
Intel®: Intel® 64 and IA-32 architectures software developer’s manual combined volumes: 1, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D and 4 (2018)
Paoloni, G.: How to benchmark code execution times on intel IA-32 and IA-64 instruction set architectures. Intel Corporation 123 (2010)
de Carvalho, S.M.T., Campos, G.L.: Worst case response time approach evaluation for computing can messages response time in an automotive network. In: Brazilian Power Electronics Conference (COBEP), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2017)
Junior, E.A.S., de Araujo-Filho, P.F., Campelo, D.R.: Experimental evaluation of cryptography overhead in automotive safety-critical communication. In: IEEE 87th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), pp. 1–5. IEEE (2018)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mouzakitis, N., Paolino, M., Grammatikakis, M.D., Raho, D. (2021). x86 System Management Mode (SMM) Evaluation for Mixed Critical Systems. In: Saponara, S., De Gloria, A. (eds) Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society. ApplePies 2020. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 738. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66729-0_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66729-0_19
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-66728-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-66729-0
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)