Abstract
In this paper we analyze the 5G standard cipher Espresso against differential fault attack. The attack outcome results in a complete internal state recovery by injecting only 4 random faults into the state of the keystream generation phase of Espresso. Since the round update function of Espresso is reversible it allows recovery of the secret key just by doing the inverse key-IV initialization process. To the best of our knowledge this is the first differential fault attack analysis of Espresso which finds the secret key of the cipher with a very minimal number of fault injection. We also provide a hardware implementation of the cipher to support our software implemented results.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Banik, S., Maitra, S.: A differential fault attack on MICKEY 2.0. In: Bertoni, G., Coron, J.-S. (eds.) CHES 2013. LNCS, vol. 8086, pp. 215–232. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40349-1_13
Biham, E., Dunkelman, O.: Differential cryptanalysis in stream ciphers. https://eprint.iacr.org/2007/218.pdf
Boneh, D., DeMillo, R.A., Lipton, R.J.: On the importance of checking cryptographic protocols for faults. In: Fumy, W. (ed.) EUROCRYPT 1997. LNCS, vol. 1233, pp. 37–51. Springer, Heidelberg (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69053-0_4
Biham, E., Shamir, A.: Differential fault analysis of secret key cryptosystems. In: Kaliski, B.S. (ed.) CRYPTO 1997. LNCS, vol. 1294, pp. 513–525. Springer, Heidelberg (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0052259
Blömer, J., Seifert, J.-P.: Fault based cryptanalysis of the advanced encryption standard (AES). In: Wright, R.N. (ed.) FC 2003. LNCS, vol. 2742, pp. 162–181. Springer, Heidelberg (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45126-6_12
Dubrova, E., Hell, M.: Espresso: a stream cipher for 5G wireless communication systems. Cryptogr. Commun. 9(2), 273–289 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12095-015-0173-2
Hoch, J.J., Shamir, A.: Fault analysis of stream ciphers. In: Joye, M., Quisquater, J.-J. (eds.) CHES 2004. LNCS, vol. 3156, pp. 240–253. Springer, Heidelberg (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-28632-5_18
Hojsík, M., Rudolf, B.: Differential fault analysis of trivium. In: Nyberg, K. (ed.) FSE 2008. LNCS, vol. 5086, pp. 158–172. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71039-4_10
Hojsík, M., Rudolf, B.: Floating fault analysis of trivium. In: Chowdhury, D.R., Rijmen, V., Das, A. (eds.) INDOCRYPT 2008. LNCS, vol. 5365, pp. 239–250. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89754-5_19
Maitra, S., Siddhanti, A., Sarkar, S.: A differential fault attack on plantlet. IEEE Trans. Comput. 66(10), 1804–1808 (2017)
Olsson, M., Cavdar, C., Frenger, P., Tombaz, S., Sabella, D., Jantti, R.: 5GrEEn: towards green 5G mobile networks. In: 2013 IEEE 9th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob), pp. 212–216. IEEE (2013)
Sarkar, S., Dey, P., Adhikari, A., Maitra, S.: Probabilistic signature based generalized framework for differential fault analysis of stream ciphers. Cryptogr. Commun. 9(4), 523–543 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12095-016-0197-2
Siddhanti, A., Sarkar, S., Maitra, S., Chattopadhyay, A.: Differential fault attack on grain v1, ACORN v3 and lizard. In: Ali, S.S., Danger, J.-L., Eisenbarth, T. (eds.) SPACE 2017. LNCS, vol. 10662, pp. 247–263. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71501-8_14
SageMath: A free open-source mathematics software. https://www.sagemath.org/
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions, which considerably improved the editorial and technical quality of our paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Bathe, B., Tiwari, S., Anand, R., Roy, D., Maitra, S. (2021). Differential Fault Attack on Espresso. In: Adhikari, A., Küsters, R., Preneel, B. (eds) Progress in Cryptology – INDOCRYPT 2021. INDOCRYPT 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 13143. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92518-5_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92518-5_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-92517-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-92518-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)