Abstract
Schema versioning of JSON-based Big Data is driven either explicitly by schema changes or implicitly by updates. In the τJSchema framework, we have previously investigated implicit JSON Schema versioning, by dealing with implicit schema changes driven by updates of JSON-based conventional Big Data. Since τJSchema supports not only conventional but also temporal JSON-based Big Data, in this paper, we complete our investigation by focusing on the temporal side of implicit schema versioning in τJSchema. To this end, we propose an approach for handling implicit schema changes triggered by temporal updates of JSON-based Big Data. More precisely, when a user specifies a temporal JSON update operation that modifies a snapshot JSON component assigning a valid-time timestamp to its new value, the execution of such an operation requires the JSON component to become temporal, which is for all intents a schema change. Thus, a new version of the τJSchema temporal characteristics document is generated, with the addition of a new valid-time characteristic. New versions of the temporal JSON schema and of the temporal JSON document are also accordingly created.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Information Resources Management Association (IRMA): Big data: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. IGI Global, Hershey, PA, USA (2016)
Davoudian, A., Liu, M.: Big Data systems: a software engineering perspective. ACM Comput. Surv. 53(5), 1–39 (2020)
Davoudian, A., Chen, L., Liu, M.: A Survey on NoSQL Stores. ACM Comput. Surv. 51(2), Article 40 (2018)
NoSQL Databases List by Hosting Data – Updated 2020. https://hostingdata.co.uk/nosql-database/. Accessed 18 Jan 2021
Sharma, S., Tim, U.S., Gadia, S.K., Wong, J., Shandilya, R., Peddoju, S.K.: Classification and comparison of NoSQL big data models. Int. J. Big Data Intell. 2(3), 201–221 (2015)
Corbellini, A., Mateos, C., Zunino, A., Godoy, D., Schiaffino, S.N.: Persisting big-data: the NoSQL landscape. Inf. Syst. 63, 1–23 (2017)
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF): The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange Format, Internet Standards Track document (December 2017). https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259. Accessed 18 Jan 2021
IETF: JSON Schema: A Media Type for Describing JSON Documents. Internet-Draft, 19 Mar 2018. https://json-schema.org/latest/json-schema-core.html. Accessed 18 Jan 2021
Pezoa, F., Reutter, J.L., Suarez, F., Ugarte, M., Vrgoč, D.: Foundations of JSON schema. In: Proceedings of the 25th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW 2016), Montreal, Canada, 11–15 Apr 2016, pp. 263–273 (2016)
Cuzzocrea, A.: Temporal aspects of big data management: state-of-the-art analysis and future research directions. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2015), Kassel, Germany, 23–25 Sep 2015, pp. 180–185 (2015)
Franciscus, N., Ren, X., Stantic, B.: Answering temporal analytic queries over big data based on precomputing architecture. In: Nguyen, N.T., Tojo, S., Nguyen, L.M., Trawiński, B. (eds.) ACIIDS 2017. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 10191, pp. 281–290. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54472-4_27
Zheng, X., Liu, H.K., Wei, L.N., Wu, X.G., Zhang, Z.: Timo: in-memory temporal query processing for big temporal data. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data (CBD 2019), Suzhou, China, 21–22 Sep 2019, pp. 121–126 (2019)
Snodgrass, R.T. (ed.), et al.: The TSQL2 Temporal Query Language. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, USA (1995)
Brahmia, S., Brahmia, Z., Grandi, F., Bouaziz, R.: τJSchema: a framework for managing temporal JSON-based NoSQL databases. In: Hartmann, S., Ma, H. (eds.) DEXA 2016. LNCS, vol. 9828, pp. 167–181. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44406-2_13
Brahmia, S., Brahmia, Z., Grandi, F., Bouaziz, R.: A disciplined approach to temporal evolution and versioning support in JSON data stores. In: Ma, Z., Yan, L. (eds.) Emerging Technologies and Applications in Data Processing and Management, pp. 114–133. IGI Global, Hershey, PA, USA (2019)
Brahmia, Z., Grandi, F., Oliboni, B., Bouaziz, R.: Schema versioning. In: Khosrow-Pour, M. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, 3rd edn, pp. 7651–7661. IGI Global, Hershey, PA, USA (2015)
Brahmia, Z., Grandi, F., Oliboni, B., Bouaziz, R.: Schema Versioning in conventional and emerging databases. In: Khosrow-Pour, M. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, 4th edn, pp. 2054–2063. IGI Global, Hershey, PA, USA (2018)
Roddick, J.F.: Schema versioning. In: Liu, L., Özsu, M.T. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Database Systems, 2nd edn. Springer, New York, NY, USA (2018)
Jensen, C.S., et al.: The consensus glossary of temporal database concepts – February 1998 version. In: Etzion, D., Jajodia, S., Sripada, S. (eds.), Temporal Databases – Research and Practice, LNCS 1399, pp. 367–405. Springer, Berlin, Germany (1998)
Grandi, F.: Temporal databases. In: Khosrow-Pour, M. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, 3rd edn, pp. 1914–1922. IGI Global, Hershey, PA, USA (2015)
Jensen, C.S., Snodgrass, R.T.: Temporal database. In: Liu, L., Özsu, M.T. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Database Systems, 2nd edn. Springer, New York, NY, USA (2018)
Goyal, A., Dyreson, C.: Temporal JSON. In: Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Collaboration and Internet Computing (CIC 2019), Los Angeles, CA, USA, 12–14 Dec 2019, pp. 135–144
Brahmia, S., Brahmia, Z., Grandi, F., Bouaziz, R.: Temporal JSON schema versioning in the τJSchema framework. J. Digital Inf. Manage. 15(4), 179–202 (2017)
Brahmia, S., Brahmia, Z., Grandi, F., Bouaziz, R.: Managing temporal and versioning aspects of JSON-based Big Data via the τJSchema framework. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Big Data and Smart Digital Environment (ICBDSDE’2018), Casablanca, Morocco, 29–30 Nov 2018, Studies in Big Data, vol. 53, pp. 27–39. Springer Nature Switzerland AG (2019)
Brahmia, Z., Brahmia, S., Grandi, F., Bouaziz, R.: Versioning schemas of JSON-based conventional and temporal big data through high-level operations in the τJSchema framework. Int. J. Cloud Comput. 10(5/6), 442–479 (2021)
Brahmia, S., Brahmia, Z., Grandi, F., Bouaziz, R.: Versioning temporal characteristics of JSON-based big data via the τJSchema framework. Int. J. Cloud Comput. 10(5/6), 406–441 (2021)
Snodgrass, R.T., Dyreson, C.E., Currim, F., Currim, S., Joshi, S.: Validating quicksand: schema versioning in τXSchema. Data Knowl. Eng. 65(2), 223–242 (2008)
Currim, F., et al.: τXSchema: Support for Data- and Schema-Versioned XML Documents. Technical Report TR-91, TimeCenter, 8 Sep 2009. http://timecenter.cs.aau.dk/TimeCenterPublications/TR-91.pdf. Accessed 18 Jan 2021
Brahmia, Z., Grandi, F., Oliboni, B., Bouaziz, R.: Schema change operations for full support of schema versioning in the τXSchema framework. Int. J. Inf. Technol. Web. Eng. 9(2), 20–46 (2014)
Brahmia, Z., Brahmia, S., Grandi, F., Bouaziz, R.: Implicit JSON schema versioning driven by big data evolution in the τJSchema framework. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Big Data and Networks Technologies (BDNT’2019), Leuven, Belgium, 29 Apr – 2 May 2019, LNNS, vol. 81, pp. 23–35. Springer Nature Switzerland AG (2020)
Brahmia, Z., Grandi, F., Brahmia, S., Bouaziz, R.: τJUpdate: A Temporal Update Language for JSON Data. Manuscript in preparation (2022)
Jensen, C.S., Snodgrass, R.T.: Valid time. In: Liu, L., Özsu, M.T. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Database Systems, 2nd edn. Springer-Verlag, New York, USA (2018)
Brahmia, Z., Brahmia, S., Grandi, F., Bouaziz, R.: JUpdate: a JSON update language. Electron. 11(4), 508 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11040508
Brahmia, Z., Grandi, F., Bouaziz, R.: tauXUF: A temporal extension of the XQuery update facility language for the tauXSchema framework. In: Proceedings of 23rd International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2016), Lyngby, Denmark, 17–19 Oct 2016, pp. 140–148 (2016)
Kulkarni, K.G., Michels, J.-E.: Temporal features in SQL:2011. ACM SIGMOD Rec. 41(3), 34–43 (2012)
Gössner, S.: JSONPath – Xpath for JSON, 21 Feb 2007. http://goessner.net/articles/JsonPath/. Accessed 18 Jan 2021
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Brahmia, Z., Brahmia, S., Grandi, F., Bouaziz, R. (2022). Implicit JSON Schema Versioning Triggered by Temporal Updates to JSON-Based Big Data in the τJSchema Framework. In: Lazaar, M., Duvallet, C., Touhafi, A., Al Achhab, M. (eds) Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Big Data and Internet of Things. BDIoT 2021. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 489. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07969-6_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07969-6_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-07968-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-07969-6
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)