Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Skip to main content

Comparing the Performance of GPT-3 with BERT for Decision Requirements Modeling

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Cooperative Information Systems (CoopIS 2023)

Abstract

Operational decisions such as loan or subsidy allocation are taken with high frequency and require a consistent decision quality which decision models can ensure. Decision models can be derived from textual descriptions describing both the decision logic and decision dependencies. Whilst decision models already help with modeling, implementing and automating decisions, the modelling step would still benefit from a (semi)-automated approach. The introduction of ChatGPT and GPT-3 offers opportunities to automatically discover decision dependencies from a given text. This paper evaluates the performance of two approaches that automatically extract decision dependencies from text, namely the best performing version of GPT-3 with a BERT-based approach. An evaluation with 36 experiments with a dataset of real-life cases and various levels of creativity allowed for GPT-3 concludes that theBERT BERT-based approach outperforms GPT-3 on the real-life dataset but that GPT-3 has promising results and requires further investigation.

This work was supported by the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (project G079519N) and KU Leuven Internal Funds (project C14/19/082).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt.

  2. 2.

    https://platform.openai.com/docs/models/overview.

  3. 3.

    https://platform.openai.com/docs/models/gpt-3.

  4. 4.

    https://graphviz.org.

  5. 5.

    Github link.

  6. 6.

    https://dmcommunity.org/challenge/.

References

  1. Arco, L., Nápoles, G., Vanhoenshoven, F., Lara, A.L., Casas, G., Vanhoof, K.: Natural language techniques supporting decision modelers. Data Min. Knowl. Disc. 35(1), 290–320 (2021)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. Brown, T., et al.: Language models are few-shot learners. Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst. 33, 1877–1901 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Busch, K., Rochlitzer, A., Sola, D., Leopold, H.: Just tell me: prompt engineering in business process management. In: van der Aa, H., Bork, D., Proper, H.A., Schmidt, R. (eds.) BPMDS EMMSAD 2023. LNBIP, vol. 479, pp. 3–11. Springer, Cham (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34241-7_1

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Clark, K., Manning, C.D.: Deep reinforcement learning for mention-ranking coreference models. arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.08667 (2016)

  5. Devlin, J., Chang, M.W., Lee, K., Toutanova, K.: BERT: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805 (2018)

  6. Dziri, N., et al.: Faith and fate: limits of transformers on compositionality. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.18654 (2023)

  7. Etikala, V., Van Veldhoven, Z., Vanthienen, J.: Text2Dec: extracting decision dependencies from natural language text for automated DMN decision modelling. In: Del Río Ortega, A., Leopold, H., Santoro, F.M. (eds.) BPM 2020. LNBIP, vol. 397, pp. 367–379. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66498-5_27

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Fill, H.G., Fettke, P., Köpke, J.: Conceptual modeling and large language models: impressions from first experiments With ChatGPT. Enterp. Modell. Inf. Syst. Archit. (EMISAJ) Int. J. Conceptual Model. 18, 1–15 (2023). https://doi.org/10.18417/emisa.18.3

  9. Goossens, A., De Smedt, J., Vanthienen, J.: Extracting decision model and notation models from text using deep learning techniques. Expert Syst. Appl. 211, 118667 (2023)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Huang, Z., Xu, W., Yu, K.: Bidirectional LSTM-CRF models for sequence tagging. arXiv preprint arXiv:1508.01991 (2015)

  11. Hwang, J.D., et al.: (Comet-) atomic 2020: on symbolic and neural commonsense knowledge graphs. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 35, pp. 6384–6392 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Jojic, A., Wang, Z., Jojic, N.: GPT is becoming a turing machine: here are some ways to program it. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.14310 (2023)

  13. Khurana, D., Koli, A., Khatter, K., Singh, S.: Natural language processing: state of the art, current trends and challenges. Multimed. Tools Appl. 1–32 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Kluza, K., Honkisz, K.: From SBVR to BPMN and DMN models. Proposal of translation from rules to process and decision models. In: Rutkowski, L., Korytkowski, M., Scherer, R., Tadeusiewicz, R., Zadeh, L.A., Zurada, J.M. (eds.) ICAISC 2016. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 9693, pp. 453–462. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39384-1_39

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Liu, R., Mao, R., Luu, A.T., Cambria, E.: A brief survey on recent advances in coreference resolution. Artif. Intell. Rev. 1–43 (2023)

    Google Scholar 

  16. OMG: Omg: Decision model and notation 1.0 (2015) (2008). https://www.omg.org/spec/DMN/1.0/. Accessed 08 Jan 2022

  17. OMG: Omg: Semantics of business vocabulary and rules (2008) (2008). https://www.omg.org/spec/SBVR/1.0. Accessed 13 Mar 2023

  18. Quishpi, L., Carmona, J., Padró, L.: Extracting decision models from textual descriptions of processes. In: Polyvyanyy, A., Wynn, M.T., Van Looy, A., Reichert, M. (eds.) BPM 2021. LNCS, vol. 12875, pp. 85–102. Springer, Cham (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85469-0_8

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Vanthienen, J.: Decisions, advice and explanation: an overview and research agenda. In: A Research Agenda for Knowledge Management and Analytics, pp. 149–169. Edward Elgar Publishing (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Vanthienen, J., Mues, C., Aerts, A.: An illustration of verification and validation in the modelling phase of KBS development. Data Knowl. Eng. 27(3), 337–352 (1998)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Wei, J., et al.: Chain of thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2201.11903 (2022)

  22. Wolf, T., et al.: Transformers: state-of-the-art natural language processing. In: Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations, pp. 38–45 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alexandre Goossens .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Goossens, A., De Smedt, J., Vanthienen, J. (2024). Comparing the Performance of GPT-3 with BERT for Decision Requirements Modeling. In: Sellami, M., Vidal, ME., van Dongen, B., Gaaloul, W., Panetto, H. (eds) Cooperative Information Systems. CoopIS 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14353. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46846-9_26

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46846-9_26

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-46845-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-46846-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics