Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Synchronisation in Language-Level Symmetry Reduction for Probabilistic Model Checking

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Model Checking Software (SPIN 2024)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 14624))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 36 Accesses

Abstract

The generic representatives (or counter abstraction) approach has been shown to be an effective symmetry reduction method for model checking. This method was extended to a probabilistic setting via a specialised language, Symmetric Probabilistic Specification Language (SPSL) and an associated tool, GRIP, for use with the PRISM model checker. However, SPSL does not support synchronisation-based communication, making this method inapplicable to systems that require synchronisation. We show how synchronisation can be added to SPSL, and develop new counter abstraction translation rules for synchronous statements. We extend GRIP accordingly and demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the new abstraction rules via a range of examples. This extends the applicability of the generic representatives technique to the wide class of probabilistic systems that rely on synchronisation. Experimental results show that our approach works well for systems that are composed of a large number of simple symmetric modules that feature a small amount of synchronisation-based communication.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 44.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    Throughout the paper we use the term “module” to mean what is often called a “process” in the model checking literature. This is because the implementation of our ideas is in the context of the PRISM model checker, which uses the term “module” for this concept.

References

  1. Prism - case studies. https://www.prismmodelchecker.org/casestudies/index.php. Accessed 15 Mar 2024

  2. Bošnački, D., Dams, D., Holenderski, L.: Symmetric spin. In: Havelund, K., Penix, J., Visser, W. (eds.) SPIN 2000. LNCS, vol. 1885, pp. 1–19. Springer, Heidelberg (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/10722468_1

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. Bryant, R.E.: Graph-based algorithms for boolean function manipulation. IEEE Trans. Comput. 35(8), 677–691 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.1986.1676819

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bryant, R.E.: Symbolic boolean manipulation with ordered binary-decision diagrams. ACM Comput. Surv. 24(3), 293–318 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1145/136035.136043

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Burch, J.R., Clarke, E.M., McMillan, K.L., Dill, D.L., Hwang, L.J.: Symbolic model checking: 10-20 states and beyond. Inf. Comput. 98(2), 142–170 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1016/0890-5401(92)90017-A

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  6. Cachin, C., Kursawe, K., Shoup, V.: Random oracles in constantipole: practical asynchronous byzantine agreement using cryptography (extended abstract). In: Neiger, G. (ed.) Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, 16–19 July 2000, Portland, Oregon, USA, pp. 123–132. ACM (2000). https://doi.org/10.1145/343477.343531

  7. Cimatti, A., Clarke, E., Giunchiglia, F., Roveri, M.: NuSMV: a new symbolic model checker. STTT 2, 410–425 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/s100090050046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Clarke, E.M., Emerson, E.A., Sistla, A.P.: Automatic verification of finite-state concurrent systems using temporal logic specifications. ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 8(2), 244–263 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1145/5397.5399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Clarke, E.M., Grumberg, O., Kroening, D., Peled, D., Veith, H.: Model Checking, second edition. Cyber Physical Systems Series. MIT Press (2018). https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qJl8DwAAQBAJ

  10. Clarke, E.M., McMillan, K., Zhaor, X., Fujita, M., Yang, J.: Spectral transforms for large boolean functions with applications to technology mapping. In: Proceedings of the 30th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference, pp. 54–60. IEEE Computer Society Press (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Clarke, E.M., Jha, S., Enders, R., Filkorn, T.: Exploiting symmetry in temporal logic model checking. Formal Methods Syst. Des. 9, 77–104 (1996). https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:14472493

  12. Donaldson, A.F., Miller, A.: Symmetry reduction for probabilistic model checking using generic representatives. In: Graf, S., Zhang, W. (eds.) ATVA 2006. LNCS, vol. 4218, pp. 9–23. Springer, Heidelberg (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/11901914_4

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. Donaldson, A.F., Miller, A., Parker, D.: Language-level symmetry reduction for probabilistic model checking. In: QEST 2009, Sixth International Conference on the Quantitative Evaluation of Systems, pp. 289 – 298. IEEE Computer Society (2009). https://doi.org/10.1109/QEST.2009.21

  14. Donaldson, A.F., Miller, A.: Exact and approximate strategies for symmetry reduction in model checking. In: Misra, J., Nipkow, T., Sekerinski, E. (eds.) FM 2006. LNCS, vol. 4085, pp. 541–556. Springer, Heidelberg (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/11813040_36

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Donaldson, A.F., Miller, A., Parker, D.: GRIP: generic representatives in PRISM. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Quantitative Evaluation of Systems (QEST 2007), pp. 115–116. IEEE Computer Society (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Emerson, E.A., Trefler, R.J.: From asymmetry to full symmetry: new techniques for symmetry reduction in model checking. In: Pierre, L., Kropf, T. (eds.) CHARME 1999. LNCS, vol. 1703, pp. 142–157. Springer, Heidelberg (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48153-2_12

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Emerson, E.A., Wahl, T.: On combining symmetry reduction and symbolic representation for efficient model checking. In: Geist, D., Tronci, E. (eds.) CHARME 2003. LNCS, vol. 2860, pp. 216–230. Springer, Heidelberg (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39724-3_20

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Hendriks, M., Behrmann, G., Larsen, K., Niebert, P., Vaandrager, F.: Adding symmetry reduction to Uppaal. In: Larsen, K.G., Niebert, P. (eds.) FORMATS 2003. LNCS, vol. 2791, pp. 46–59. Springer, Heidelberg (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40903-8_5

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Hensel, C., Junges, S., Katoen, J., Quatmann, T., Volk, M.: The probabilistic model checker Storm. CoRR abs/2002.07080 (2020). https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.07080

  20. Holzmann, G.: The SPIN Model Checker: Primer and Reference Manual, 1st edn. Addison-Wesley Professional, Boston (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Holzmann, G.J.: Explicit-state model checking. In: Clarke, E., Henzinger, T., Veith, H., Bloem, R. (eds.) Handbook of Model Checking, pp. 153–171. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10575-8_5

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. IEEE Computer Society: IEEE standard for information technology-telecommunications and information exchange between systems-local and metropolitan area networks-specific requirements part 3: Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) access method and physical layer specifications. IEEE STD 802.3-2002 (Revision of IEEE STD 802.3, 2000 edn), pp. 1–1550 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2002.93570

  23. Kwiatkowska, M., Norman, G., Parker, D.: Symmetry reduction for probabilistic model checking. In: Ball, T., Jones, R.B. (eds.) CAV 2006. LNCS, vol. 4144, pp. 234–248. Springer, Heidelberg (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/11817963_23

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  24. Kwiatkowska, M., Norman, G., Parker, D.: PRISM 4.0: verification of probabilistic real-time systems. In: Gopalakrishnan, G., Qadeer, S. (eds.) CAV 2011. LNCS, vol. 6806, pp. 585–591. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22110-1_47

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  25. Miller, A., Donaldson, A.F., Calder, M.: Symmetry in temporal logic model checking. ACM Comput. Surv. 38(3) (2006). https://doi.org/10.1145/1132960.1132962. http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/3197/

  26. Queille, J.P., Sifakis, J.: Specification and verification of concurrent systems in CESAR. In: Dezani-Ciancaglini, M., Montanari, U. (eds.) Programming 1982. LNCS, vol. 137, pp. 337–351. Springer, Heidelberg (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-11494-7_22

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  27. Valkov, I.: Formal analysis of communication protocols for wireless sensor systems. Ph.D. thesis, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK (2024, to appear)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Wahl, T., Donaldson, A.F.: Replication and abstraction: symmetry in automated formal verification. Symmetry 2(2), 799–847 (2010). https://doi.org/10.3390/SYM2020799

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments.

Ivaylo Valkov was supported by the EPSRC Doctoral Training Partnership award EP/N007565/1 and by a grant from the UKRI Strategic Priorities Fund to the UKRI Research Node on Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Governance and Regulation [EP/V026607/1, 2020-2024]. Alastair Donaldson was supported by the EPSRC IRIS project (grant EP/R006865/1).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

    Ivaylo Valkov & Alice Miller

  2. Imperial College London, London, UK

    Alastair F. Donaldson

Authors
  1. Ivaylo Valkov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alastair F. Donaldson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Alice Miller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Ivaylo Valkov , Alastair F. Donaldson or Alice Miller .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

    Thomas Neele

  2. Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

    Anton Wijs

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2025 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Valkov, I., Donaldson, A.F., Miller, A. (2025). Synchronisation in Language-Level Symmetry Reduction for Probabilistic Model Checking. In: Neele, T., Wijs, A. (eds) Model Checking Software. SPIN 2024. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 14624. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66149-5_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66149-5_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-66148-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-66149-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation