Abstract
Most research work about the development of Natural Language Interface to Databases (NLIDB) has been focused on the study of the interpretation and translation from natural language queries to SQL queries. For this purpose and in order to improve the performance in a NLIDB, researchers have addressed different issues related to natural language processing. In addition to this, we consider that the performance of a NLIDB also depends on its ability to adapt to a database schema. For this reason, we analyzed the Geobase, ATIS and Northwind database schemas, commonly used to evaluate NLIDBs. As a result of this analysis, we present in this paper some issues arising from the three database schemas analyzed, which they should be considered in the implementation of a NLIDB to improve its performance.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bates, M.: Rapid porting of the parlance natural language interface. In: Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language (pp. 83–88). Association for Computational Linguistics. (1989)
Bernstein, A., Kaufmann, E., Kaiser, C.: Querying the semantic web with Ginseng: a guided input natural language search engine. In: 15th workshop on information technologies and systems (WITS 2005), Las Vegas, NV. (2005)
Bobrow, R.J., Resnik, P., Weischedel, R.M.: Multiple underlying systems: translating user request into programs to produce answers. In: Proceedings of the 28th annual meeting of ACL, Pittsburgh, pp. 227–234. (1990)
Buraga, S.C., Cojocaru, L., Nichifor, O.C.: Survey on web ontology editing tools, transactions on automatic control and computer science, Romania, pp. 1–6. (2006)
Chandra, Y.: Natural language interfaces to databases. Doctoral dissertation, University of North Texas. (2006)
Cimiano, P., Haase, P., Heizmann, J.: Porting natural language interfaces between domains: an experimental user study with the ORAKEL system. In: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on intelligent user interfaces, Honolulu, Hawaii, pp. 180–190. (2007)
Damljanovic, D., Agatonovic, M. Cunningham, H.: Natural language interfaces to ontologies: combining syntactic analysis and ontology-based lookup through the user interaction. In: Proceedings of the 7th extended semantic web conference (ESWC 2010). Springer, Heraklion (2010)
ELF software (English Language Frontend), “Demo Gallery”, http://www.elfsoft.com/help/accelf/overview.htm. (2002)
ELF software (English Language Frontend), “GeoQuery Example”, http://www.elfsoft.com/GeoQuery.htm. (2012)
Ge, R., Mooney, R.J.: A statistical semantic parser that integrates syntax and semantics. In: Proceedings of the ninth conference on computational natural language learning, pp. 9–16. (2005)
Giordani, A., Moschitti, A.: Semantic mapping between natural language questions and SQL queries via syntactic pairing. In: Natural language processing and information systems, pp. 207–221. Springer, Berlin (2010)
Green, Jr., B.F., Wolf, A.K., Chomsky, C., Laughery, K.: Baseball: an automatic question-answerer. In: Papers presented at the May 9–11, 1961, western joint IRE-AIEE-ACM computer conference, pp. 219–224. ACM (1961)
Grosz, B.J., Appelt, D.E., Martin, P.A., Pereira, F.C.: TEAM: an experiment in the design of transportable natural-language interfaces. Artif. Intell. 32(2), 173–243 (1987)
Hendrix, G.G., Sacerdoti, E.D., Sagalowicz, D., Slocum, J.: Developing a natural language interface to complex data. ACM Trans. Database Syst. (TODS) 3(2), 105–147 (1978)
Kate, R.J., Mooney, R.J.: Using string-kernels for learning semantic parsers. In Proceedings of the 21st international conference on computational linguistics and the 44th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics, pp. 913–920. Association for Computational Linguistics (2006)
Kaufmann, E., Bernstein, A., Zumstein, R.: Querix: a natural language interface to query ontologies based on clarification dialogs. In: 5th international semantic web conference (ISWC 2006), pp. 980–981 (2006)
Kaufmann, E., Bernstein, A., Fischer, L.: NLP-Reduce: a naïve but Domain-independent natural language interface for querying ontologies. In: 4th European semantic web conference (ESWC 2007), Innsbruck, A (2007)
Kubala, F., Barry, C., Bates, M., Bobrow, R., Fung, P., Ingria, R., Stallard, D.: BBN Byblos and HARC February 1992 ATIS benchmark results. In: Proceedings of the workshop on speech and natural language, pp. 72–77. Association for Computational Linguistics (1992)
Microsoft TechNet., chapter 32-English Query Best Practices. www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/sql/2000/reskit/part9/c3261.mspx?mfr=true
Minock, M., Olofsson, P., Näslund, A.: Towards building robust natural language interfaces to databases. In: Natural language and information systems, pp. 187–198. Springer, Berlin (2008)
Murveit, H., et al.: SRI’s speech and natural language evaluation (in this Proceedings)
Official Airline Guides, Official Airline Guide, North American Edition with Fares, Oakbrook, Illinois, Volume 16, No. 7, January 1, 1990
Popescu, A.: Modern natural language interfaces to databases: composing statistical parsing with semantic tractability. University of Washington (2004)
Seneff, S., et al.: Development and Preliminary Evaluation of the M1T ATIS System (in this Proceedings)
Stratica, N.: Using semantic templates for a natural language interface to the CINDI virtual library. Data Knowledge Eng, 55, 4–19 (2005). doi:10.1016/j.datak.2004.12.002. (Elsevier Science Publishers, The Netherlands)
Tang, L.R., Mooney, R.J.: Using multiple clause constructors in inductive logic programming for semantic parsing. In: Machine learning: ECML 2001, pp. 466–477. Springer, Berlin (2001)
Technology, Linguistic: English Wizard—Dictionary Administrator’s Guide. Linguistic Technology Corp, Littleton (1997)
Thompson, C.A., Mooney, R.J.: Acquiring word-meaning mappings for natural language interfaces. J. Artif. Intell. Res. 18(1), 1–44 (2003)
Tzoukermann, E.: The use of a commercial natural language interface in the ATIS task. In: HLT (1991)
Wang, C., Xiong, M. Zhou, Q.: PANTO: a portable natural language interface to ontologies. Lecture notes in computer science, vol. 4519/2007, pp. 473–487 (2007)
Ward, W.: Current status of the CMU ATIS System (in this Proceedings)
Warren, D.H.: Efficient processing of interactive relational data base queries expressed in logic. In: Proceedings of the seventh international conference on very large data bases, vol. 7, pp. 272–281. VLDB Endowment (1981)
Wong, Y.W., Mooney, R.J.: Learning for semantic parsing with statistical machine translation. In: Proceedings of human language technology conference/North American chapter of the association for computational linguistics annual meeting, pp. 439–446 (2006)
Woods, W., Kaplan, R., Webber, B.: The Lunar Sciences Natural Language Information System. Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts Final Report. B. B. N. Report No 2378 (1972)
Zelle, J.M., Mooney, R.J.: Learning to parse database queries using inductive logic programming. In: Proceedings of the thirteenth national conference on artificial intelligence, pp. 1050–1055 (1996)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Florencia-Juárez, R., González B., J.J., Pazos R., R.A., Martínez F., J.A., Morales-Rodríguez, M.L. (2015). Analysis of Some Database Schemas Used to Evaluate Natural Language Interfaces to Databases. In: Melin, P., Castillo, O., Kacprzyk, J. (eds) Design of Intelligent Systems Based on Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks and Nature-Inspired Optimization. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 601. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17747-2_42
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17747-2_42
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-17746-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-17747-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)