Abstract
Spread spectrum clocking slowly sweeps clock frequency of a digital system to reduce the Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). In a digital system-on-chip there can be subsystems where clock spreading is not allowed. This paper analyzes the performances achievable by spread spectrum clocking when a constraint is imposed to easily synchronize clock modulated and unmodulated subsystems. It is shown that the best modulation gain (7.7 dB) is achieved by using optimized discontinuous modulation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hardin, K.B., Fessler, J.T., Bush, D.R.: Spread spectrum clock generation for the reduction of radiated emissions. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, pp. 227–231 (1994)
Damphousse, S., Ouici, K., Rizki, A., Mallinson, M.: All-digital Spread Spectrum Clock Generator for EMI reduction. IEEE J. Solid-State Cir. 42(1), 145–150 (2007)
Ebuchi, T., Komatsu, Y., Okamoto, T., Arima, Y., Yamada, Y., Sogawa, K., Okamoto, K., Morie, T., Hirata, T., Dosho, S., Yoshikawa, T.: A 125–1250 MHz process-independent adaptive bandwidth spread spectrum clock generator with digital controlled self-calibration. IEEE J. Solid-State Circ. 44(3), 763–774 (2009)
De Caro, D.: Glitch-free NAND-based digitally controlled delay-lines. IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. Syst. 21(1), 55–66 (2013)
De Caro, D., Romani, C.A., Petra, N., Strollo, A.G.M., Parrella, C.: A 1.27 GHz, all-digital spread spectrum clock generator/synthesizer in 65 nm CMOS. IEEE J. Solid-State Circ. 45(5), 1048–1060 (2010)
Hwang, S., Song, M., Kwak, Y.H., Jung, I., Kim, C.: A 3.5 GHz spread spectrum clock generator with a memoryless Newton-Raphson modulation profile. IEEE J. Solid-State Circ. 47(5), 1199–1208 (2012)
Lin, S.Y., Liu, S.I.: A 1.5 GHz all-digital spread-spectrum clock generator. IEEE J. Solid-State Circ. 44(11), 3111–3119 (2009)
Pareschi, F., Setti, G., Rovatti, R.: A 3-GHz Serial ATA spread spectrum clock generator employing a chaotic PAM modulation. IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. I Regul. Pap. 57(10), 2577–2587 (2010)
Lin, F., Chen, D.Y.: Reduction of power supply EMI emission by switching frequency modulation. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 9(1), 132–137 (1994)
Tse, K.K., Chung, H.S.-H., Huo, S.Y., So, H.C.: Analysis and spectral characteristics of a spread spectrum technique for conducted EMI suppression. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 15(2), 399–410 (2000)
Balcells, J., Santolaria, A., Orlandi, A., Gonzalez, D., Gago, J.: EMI reduction in switched power converters using frequency modulation techniques. IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 47(3), 569–576 (2005)
Tse, K.K., Ng, R.W.-M., Chung, H.S.-H., Hui S.Y.R.: An evaluation of the spectral characteristics of switching converters with chaotic carrier frequency modulation. In: IEEE Trans. Industr. Electron. 50(l), 171–182 (2003)
FCC 47 CFR Part 15, Radio frequency devices (2008)
CISPR 22: Information technology equipment—radio disturbance characteristics—limits and methods of measurement (2003–2004)
ANSI C63.4: American national standard for methods of measurement of radio noise emissions from low voltage electrical and electronic equipment in the range of 9 kHz to 40 GHz (2003)
Hardin, K., Oglesbee, R.A., Fisher, F.: Investigation into the interference potential of spread-spectrum clock generation to broadband digital communications. IEEE Trans Electromagn. Compat. 45(1), 10–21 (2003)
Matsumoto, Y., Fujii, K., Sugiura, A.: An analytical method for determining the optimal modulating waveform for dithered clock generation. IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 47(3), 577–584 (2005)
Matsumoto, Y., Fujii, K., Sugiura, A.: Estimating the amplitude reduction of clock harmonics due to frequency modulation. IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 48(4), 734–741 (2006)
De Caro, D.: Optimal discontinuous frequency modulation for spread-spectrum clocking. IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 55(5), 891–900 (2013)
Zhou, J., Dehaene, W.: A synchronization-free spread spectrum clock generation technique for automotive applications. IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 53(1), 169–177 (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
De Caro, D., De Martino, M., Petra, N., Strollo, A.G. (2016). Analysis of Spread-Spectrum Clocking Modulations Under Synchronization Timing Constraint. In: De Gloria, A. (eds) Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 351. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20227-3_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20227-3_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-20226-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-20227-3
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)