Abstract
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) and especially Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) have recently gained large interest and their performance is heavily studied. A great challenge in VANETs, especially in an urban setting, is the routing scheme used and the subsequent performance obtained. This work presents an experimental performance evaluation of routing mechanisms in VANETs, using simulation, within an urban Manhattan grid like environment. It also describes and evaluates an enhancement of the Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) protocol that takes into account the motion of the vehicles and the nature of the urban environment. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed enhancement to the GPSR protocol manages to significantly increase the delivery ratio without increasing the power consumption; nevertheless, in some cases the improvement on delivery ratio is achieved at the expense of slightly increased end-to-end delay.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbas, S.F., Chaudhry, S.R., Yasin, G.: VANET route selection in urban/rural areas using metric base traffic analysis. In: UBICOMM 2013, The Seventh International Conference on Mobile Ubiquitous Computing, Systems, Services and Technologies, pp. 85–91 (2013)
Aschenbruck, N., Ernst, R., Gerhards-Padilla, E., Schwamborn, M.: BonnMotion: a mobility scenario generation and analysis tool. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques (ICST), p. 51, March 2010. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1808143.1808207
Bouras, C., Kapoulas, V., Tsanai, E.: A GPSR enhancement mechanism for routing in VANETs. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Wired & Wireless Internet Communications (WWIC 2015), Málaga, Spain, 25–27 May 2015
Gavalas, D., Konstantopoulos, C., Mamalis, B., Pantziou, G.: Mobility prediction in mobile ad-hoc networks. In: Pierre, S. (ed.) Next Generation Mobile Networks and Ubiquitous Computing, pp. 226–240. IGI Global, Hershey (2010)
He, G.: Destination-sequenced distance vector (DSDV) protocol. Helsinki University of Technology, Networking Laboratory (2002)
Jacquet, P., Mühlethaler, P., Clausen, T.H., Laouiti, A., Qayyum, A., Viennot, L.: Optimized link state routing protocol for ad hoc networks. In: IEEE International Multi Topic Conference. pp. 62–68 (2001)
Johnson, D.B., Maltz, D.A.: Dynamic source routing in ad hoc wireless networks. In: Imielinski, T., Korth, H.F. (eds.) Mobile Computing. The Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 353, pp. 153–181. Springer, Heidelberg (1996). http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/b102605
Kaisser, F., Johnen, C., Vèque, V.: Quantitative model for evaluate routing protocols in a vehicular ad hoc networks on highway. In: Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC 2010), pp. 330–337. IEEE (2010)
Kakarla, J., Sathya, S.S., Laxmi, B.G., Babu, B.R.: A survey on routing protocols and its issues in VANET. Int. J. Comput. Appl. 28(4), 38–44 (2011). http://www.ijcaonline.org/volume28/number4/pxc3874663.pdf
Karp, B., Kung, H.T.: GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks. In: Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking, pp. 243–254. ACM (2000)
Katsaros, K., Dianati, M., Tafazolli, R., Kernchen, R.: CLWPR - a novel cross-layer optimized position based routing protocol for VANETs. In: IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC), pp. 139–146 (2011)
Kim, J.H., Lee, S.: Reliable routing protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks. AEU-Int. J. Electron. Commun. 65(3), 268–271 (2011)
Kumar, R., Dave, M.: A comparative study of various routing protocols in VANET. arXiv preprint. arXiv:1108.2094 (2011)
Kyösti, P., Meinilä, J., Hentilä, L., Zhao, X., Jämsä, T., Schneider, C., Narandzić, M., Milojević, M., Hong, A., Ylitalo, J., Holappa, V.M., Alatossava, M., Bultitude, R., de Jong, Y., Rautiainen, T.: WINNER II Channel Models. Technical report, EC FP6 (2007). http://www.ist-winner.org/deliverables.html
Lee, K.C., Lee, U., Gerla, M.: Survey of routing protocols in vehicular ad hoc networks. In: Advances in vehicular ad-hoc networks: Developments and challenges, pp. 149–170 (2010)
Maan, F., Mazhar, N.: MANET routing protocols vs mobility models: a performance evaluation. In: 2011 Third International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN), pp. 179–184 (2011)
Martinez, F.J., Toh, C.K., Cano, J.C., Calafate, C.T., Manzoni, P.: Realistic radio propagation models (RPMs) for VANET simulations. In: Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 2009), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2009)
Nzouonta, J., Rajgure, N., Wang, G., Borcea, C.: VANET routing on city roads using real-time vehicular traffic information. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 58(7), 3609–3626 (2009)
Perkins, C., Belding-Royer, E., Das, S.: Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing (2003). http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3561.txt
Su, W., Lee, S.J., Gerla, M.: Mobility prediction and routing in ad hoc wireless networks. Int. J. Netw. Manag. 11(1), 3–30 (2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nem.386
Wan, S., Tang, J., Wolff, R.S.: Reliable routing for roadside to vehicle communications in rural areas. In: IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2008), pp. 3017–3021. IEEE (2008)
Acknowledgment
We would like to thank Prof. Paul G. Spirakis for his valuable guidance to our academic and professional careers.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bouras, C., Kapoulas, V., Tsanai, E. (2015). Performance Evaluation of Routing Mechanisms for VANETs in Urban Areas. In: Zaroliagis, C., Pantziou, G., Kontogiannis, S. (eds) Algorithms, Probability, Networks, and Games. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9295. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24024-4_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24024-4_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-24023-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-24024-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)