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Privacy, Security and Convenience: Biometric Encryption for Smartphone-Based Electronic Travel Documents

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Recent Advances in Computational Intelligence in Defense and Security

Part of the book series: Studies in Computational Intelligence ((SCI,volume 621))

Abstract

We propose a new paradigm for issuing, storing and verifying travel documents that features entirely digital documents which are bound to the individual by virtue of a privacy–respecting biometrically derived key, and which make use of privacy-respecting digital credentials technology. Currently travel documentation rely either on paper documents or electronic systems requiring connectivity to core servers and databases at the time of verification. If biometrics are used in the traditional way, there are accompanying privacy implications. We present a smartphone-based approach which enables a new kind of biometric checkpoint to be placed at key points throughout the international voyage. These lightweight verification checkpoints would not require storage of biometric information, which can reduce the complexity and risk of implementing these systems from a policy and privacy perspective. Our proposed paradigm promises multiple benefits including increased security in airports, on airlines and at the border, increased traveller convenience, increased biometric privacy, and possibly, lower total cost of system ownership.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Given the range of terms used in the domain, we choose to follow ISO standard 24745 [41]. The concept of a RBR is described in Annex C of the 24745 standard as follows:

    Renewable biometric references (RBRs) are revocable/ renewable identifiers that represent an individual or data subject within a certain domain by means of a protected binary identity (re)constructed from a captured biometric sample. A renewable biometric reference does not allow access to the original biometric measurement data, biometric template or true identity of its owner. Furthermore, the renewable biometric reference has no meaning outside the service domain.

  2. 2.

    The following attacks against BE are known: Inverting the hash; False Acceptance (FAR) attack; Hill Climbing attack [3]; Nearest Impostors attack [59]; Running Error Correcting Code (ECC) in a soft decoding and/or erasure mode [59]; ECC Histogram attack [59]; Non-randomness attack against Fuzzy Vault [22]; Non-randomness attack against Mytec2 and Fuzzy Commitment schemes [59, 66]; Re-usability attack [11, 46, 54]; Blended Substitution attack [54]; and Linkage attack [21, 45, 57].

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Acknowledgments

Special thanks to the CBSA for ongoing support. Financial support from the Canadian Safety and Security Program (CSSP) of Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC), and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) is gratefully acknowledged.

Dedication

Daniel Patrick Bissessar

March 11, 2007–Jan 1, 2012

To perseverance and making a difference… Danny, this work that we started together is growing… You continue to inspire me every day to build stuff and make things. You taught me happiness and have enriched my life forever. Love, Papa.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Canada Border Services Agency, Ottawa, Canada

    David Bissessar

  2. University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada

    Carlisle Adams

  3. Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario, Toronto, Canada

    Alex Stoianov

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  1. David Bissessar
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  2. Carlisle Adams
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Correspondence to David Bissessar .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Larus Technologies Corporation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Rami Abielmona

  2. Larus Technologies Corporation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Rafael Falcon

  3. Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

    Nur Zincir-Heywood

  4. School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, Aust Capital Terr, Australia

    Hussein A. Abbass

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Bissessar, D., Adams, C., Stoianov, A. (2016). Privacy, Security and Convenience: Biometric Encryption for Smartphone-Based Electronic Travel Documents. In: Abielmona, R., Falcon, R., Zincir-Heywood, N., Abbass, H. (eds) Recent Advances in Computational Intelligence in Defense and Security. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 621. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26450-9_13

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