Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Skip to main content

Better Addressing Word Deletion for Statistical Machine Translation

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Natural Language Understanding and Intelligent Applications (ICCPOL 2016, NLPCC 2016)

Abstract

Word deletion (WD) problems have a critical impact on the adequacy of translation and can lead to poor comprehension of lexical meaning in the translation result. This paper studies how the word deletion problem can be handled in statistical machine translation (SMT) in detail. We classify this problem into desired and undesired word deletion based on spurious and meaningful words. Consequently, we propose four effective models to handle undesired word deletion. To evaluate word deletion problems, we develop an automatic evaluation metric that highly correlates with human judgement. Translation systems are simultaneously tuned for the proposed evaluation metric and BLEU using minimum error rate training (MERT). The experimental results demonstrate that our methods achieve significant improvements in word deletion problems on Chinese-to-English translation tasks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Papineni, K., Roukos, S., Ward, T., Zhu, W.J.: BLEU: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation. In: Proceedings of ACL, pp. 311–318 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Vilar, D., Xu, J., d’Haro, L.F., Ney, H.: Error analysis of statistical machine translation output. In: Proceedings of LREC, pp. 697–702 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Chiang, D.: Hierarchical phrase-based translation. Comput. Linguist. 33(2), 201–228 (2007)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Galley, M., Hopkins, M., Knight, K., Marcu, D.: What’s in a translation rule? In: Proceedings of HLT-NAACL, pp. 273–280 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Koehn, P., Schroeder, J.: Experiments in domain adaptation for statistical machine translation. In: Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation, pp. 224–227 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Li, C.H., Zhang, D., Li, M., Zhou, M., Zhang, H.: An empirical study in source word deletion for phrase-based statistical machine translation. In: Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation, pp. 1–8 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Och, F.J., Ney, H.: Discriminative training and maximum entropy models for statistical machine translation. In: Proceedings of ACL, pp. 295–302 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Banerjee, S., Lavie, A.: METEOR: an automatic metric for MT evaluation with improved correlation with human judgments. In: Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Evaluation Measures for Machine Translation and/or Summarization, pp. 65–72 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Och, F.J.: Minimum error rate training in statistical machine translation. In: Proceedings of ACL, pp. 160–167 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Koehn, P., Och, F.J., Marcu, D.: Statistical phrase-based translation. In: Proceedings of HLT-NAACL, pp. 48–54 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Zhang, Y., Matusov, E., Ney, H.: Are unaligned words important for machine translation? In: Proceedings of EAMT, pp. 226–233 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Xiao, T., Zhu, J., Zhang, H., Li, Q.: NiuTrans: an open source toolkit for phrase-based and syntax-based machine translation. In: Proceedings of ACL 2012 System Demostrations, pp. 19–24 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Xiong, D., Liu, Q., Lin, S.: Maximum entropy based phrase reordering model for statistical machine translation. In: Proceedings of ACL, pp. 521–528 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Huang, L., Chiang, D.: Forest rescoring: faster decoding with integrated language models. In: Proceedings of ACL, pp. 144–151 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Och, F.J., Ney, H.: Improved statistical alignment models. In: Proceedings of ACL, pp. 440–447 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Menezes, A., Quirk, C.: Syntactic models for structural word insertion and deletion. In: Proceedings of EMNLP, pp. 735–744 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Hermjakob, U.: Improved word alignment with statistics and linguistic heuristics. In: Proceedings of EMNLP, pp. 229–237 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Zhu, J., Li, Q., Xiao, T.: Improving syntactic rule extraction through deleting spurious links with translation span alignment. Nat. Lang. Eng. 21(2), 227–249 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Liu, Y., Liu, Q., Lin, S.: Discriminative word alignment by linear modeling. Comput. Linguist. 36(3), 303–339 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Deng, Y., Zhou, B.: Optimizing word alignment combination for phrase table training. In: Proceedings of ACL-IJCNLP, pp. 229–232 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Parton, K., Habash, N., McKeown, K., Iglesias, G., de Gispert, A.: Can automatic post-editing make MT more meaningful? In: Proceedings of EAMT, pp. 111–118 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Huck, M., Ney, H.: Insertion and deletion models for statistical machine translation. In: Proceedings of HLT-NAACL, pp. 347–351 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was done while the first author was visiting the machine translation group at Microsoft Research Asia, and was mainly supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No. N140406003, the China Scholarship Council, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61272376, No. 61300097 and No. 61432013.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Qiang Li .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing AG

About this paper

Cite this paper

Li, Q., Zhang, D., Li, M., Xiao, T., Zhu, J. (2016). Better Addressing Word Deletion for Statistical Machine Translation. In: Lin, CY., Xue, N., Zhao, D., Huang, X., Feng, Y. (eds) Natural Language Understanding and Intelligent Applications. ICCPOL NLPCC 2016 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10102. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50496-4_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50496-4_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-50495-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-50496-4

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics