Abstract
Visible watermarking is a useful technique to perceptually protect the copyright while the reversible technique can help losslessly recover the original image. A reversible visible image watermarking scheme based on difference-expansion and adaptive block partition is presented in this paper. First, the cover image is divided into non-overlapped \(k \times k\) sized blocks. Then, an adaptive visual effect factor for each block is calculated by non-watermarked blocks and estimated watermarked blocks in its neighborhood to embed the visible watermark. Since the information in watermarking region is not used, authorized users can exactly recover the original cover image without the availability of the watermark in the recovery process. Afterwards, one watermark bit is embedded into each block based on the conventional difference-expansion method. To reduce the exceeding number which denotes the pixel whose values is larger than 255 or less than 0 generated in watermark bit embedding procedure, an adaptive block partition strategy is utilized in the proposed method. Experimental results show that compared with the related work, the proposed method can greatly reduce the exceeding numbers and the visual effect is better at the same time.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Caldelli, R., Filippini, F., Becarelli, R.: Reversible watermarking techniques: an overview and a classification. EURASIP J. Inf. Secur. 2010, 134546 (2010)
Celik, M.U., Sharma, G., Tekalp, A.M.: Lossless watermarking for image authentication: a new framework and an implementation. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 15(4), 1042–1049 (2006)
Celik, M.U., Sharma, G., Tekalp, A.M., Saber, E.: Lossless generalized-LSB data embedding. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 14(2), 253–266 (2005)
Chen, C.C., Tsai, Y.H., Yeh, H.C.: Difference-expansion based reversible and visible image watermarking scheme. Multimed. Tools Appl. 76(6), 8497–8516 (2017)
Coltuc, D.: Improved embedding for prediction-based reversible watermarking. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 6(3), 873–882 (2011)
Fridrich, J., Goljan, M., Du, R.: Invertible authentication (2001)
Fridrich, J., Goljan, M., Du, R.: Lossless data embedding-new paradigm in digital watermarking. EURASIP J. Adv. Sig. Process. 2002(2), 986842 (2002)
Hu, Y., Jeon, B.: Reversible visible watermarking and lossless recovery of original images. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 16(11), 1423–1429 (2006)
Li, X., Li, B., Yang, B., Zeng, T.: General framework to histogram-shifting-based reversible data hiding. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 22(6), 2181–2191 (2013)
Li, X., Yang, B., Zeng, T.: Efficient reversible watermarking based on adaptive prediction-error expansion and pixel selection. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 20(12), 3524–3533 (2011)
Liu, T.Y., Tsai, W.H.: Generic lossless visible watermarking - a new approach. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 19(5), 1224–1235 (2010)
Ni, Z., Shi, Y.Q., Ansari, N., Su, W.: Reversible data hiding. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 16(3), 354–362 (2006)
Sachnev, V., Kim, H.J., Nam, J., Suresh, S., Shi, Y.Q.: Reversible watermarking algorithm using sorting and prediction. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 19(7), 989–999 (2009)
Shi, Y.Q., Ni, Z., Zou, D., Liang, C., Xuan, G.: Lossless data hiding: fundamentals, algorithms and applications. In: 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (IEEE Cat. No. 04CH37512), vol. 2, pp. II-33-6, May 2004
Thodi, D.M., Rodriguez, J.J.: Expansion embedding techniques for reversible watermarking. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 16(3), 721–730 (2007)
Tian, J.: Reversible data embedding using a difference expansion. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 13(8), 890–896 (2003)
Yang, H., Yin, J.: A secure removable visible watermarking for BTC compressed images. Multimedia Tools and Applications 74(6), 1725–1739 (2015)
Yang, Y., Sun, X., Yang, H., Li, C.T., Xiao, R.: A contrast-sensitive reversible visible image watermarking technique. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 19(5), 656–667 (2009)
Zhang, W., Hu, X., Li, X., Yu, N.: Recursive histogram modification: establishing equivalency between reversible data hiding and lossless data compression. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 22(7), 2775–2785 (2013)
Acknowledgement
This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos. U1636206 and 61572052.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Yang, G., Qi, W., Li, X., Guo, Z. (2017). Improved Reversible Visible Watermarking Based on Adaptive Block Partition. In: Kraetzer, C., Shi, YQ., Dittmann, J., Kim, H. (eds) Digital Forensics and Watermarking. IWDW 2017. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10431. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64185-0_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64185-0_23
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-64184-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-64185-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)