Abstract
In this paper, a semiautomatic extension of our monolingual (Spanish) TERSEO system to a multilingual level is presented . TERSEO implements a method of event ordering based on temporal expression recognition and resolution. TERSEO consists of two different modules, the first module is based on a set of rules that allows the recognition of the temporal expressions in Spanish. The second module is based on a set of rules that allows the resolution of these temporal expressions (which means transforming them into a concrete date, concrete interval or fuzzy interval). Both sets of rules were defined through an empirical study of a training corpus. The extension of the system, that makes the system able to work with multilingual texts, has been made in five stages. First, a direct translation of the temporal expressions in Spanish of our knowledge database to the target language (English, Italian, French, Catalan, etc) is performed. Each expression in the target language is linked to the same resolution rule used in the source language. The second stage is a search in Google for each expression so that we will eliminate all those expressions of which non exact instances are found. The third step is the obtaining of a set of keywords in the target language, that will be used to look for new temporal expressions in this language, learning new rules automatically. Finally, every new rule is linked with its resolution. Besides, we present two different kinds of evaluations, one of them measures the reliability of the system used for the automatic extraction of rules for new languages. In the other evaluation, the results of precision and recall in the recognition and resolution of Spanish temporal expressions are presented.
This paper has been supported by the Spanish government, projects FIT-150500-2002-244, FIT-150500-2002-416, TIC-2003-07158-C04-01 and TIC2000-0664-C02-02.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
ACL (ed.): Proceedings of the 2001 ACL-EACL, Workshop on Temporal and Spatial Information Processing, Toulouse, France (2001)
Muñoz, R., Saquete, E., Martínez-Barco, P.: TERSEO: Temporal Expression Resolution System Applied to Event Ordering. In: TSD (ed.) Proceedings of the 6th International Conference, TSD 2003, Text, Speech and Dialogue, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic, September 2003, pp. 220–228 (2003)
Carletta, J., et al.: The Reliability of a Dialogue Structure Coding Scheme. Computational Linguistics 23(1), 13–32 (1997)
Filatova, E., Hovy, E.: Assigning Time-Stamps to Event-Clauses. In: ACL [1], pp. 88–95
Sundheim, B., Wilson, G., Mani, I., Ferro, L.: A Multilingual Approach To Annotating And Extracting Temporal Information. In: ACL [1], pp. 81–87
Ohrstrom-Sandgren, T., Wiebe, J.M., O’Hara, T.P., McKeever, K.J.: An Empirical Approach to Temporal Reference Resolution. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 9, 247–293 (1998)
Katz, G., Arosio, F.: The Annotation of Temporal Informatio. In: Natural Language Sentences. In: ACL [1], pp. 104–111
Llopis, F., Muñoz, R.: Cross-language experiments with IR-n system. In: Peters, C., Gonzalo, J., Braschler, M., Kluck, M. (eds.) CLEF 2003. LNCS, vol. 3237, pp. 122–132. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Schilder, F., Habel, C.: From Temporal Expressions to Temporal Information: Semantic Tagging of News Messages. In: ACL [1], pp. 65–72
Setzer, A., Gaizauskas, R.: On the Importance of Annotating Event-Event Temporal Relations in Text. In: LREC (ed.) Proceedings of the LREC Workshop on Temporal Annotation Standards, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, pp. 52–60 (2002)
Siegel, S., Castellan, J.: Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York (1988)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Saquete, E., Martínez-Barco, P., Muñoz, R. (2004). Automatic Multilinguality for Time Expression Resolution. In: Monroy, R., Arroyo-Figueroa, G., Sucar, L.E., Sossa, H. (eds) MICAI 2004: Advances in Artificial Intelligence. MICAI 2004. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 2972. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24694-7_47
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24694-7_47
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-21459-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-24694-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive