Abstract
AgentSpeak is a reactive planning language for programming autonomous agents. It has recently been shown that model checking techniques can be applied to the verification of AgentSpeak systems, through a translation to Promela, the model specification language for the SPIN LTL model-checking system. In this paper, we introduce an alternative verification approach for AgentSpeak, by translating AgentSpeak to Java and then applying JPF2, a general purpose Java model checker. The primary advantage of this approach is that Java is the language of choice for most agent implementations, and the approach is thus much closer to the current practice of agent development than the Promela-based approach. Also, models of AgentSpeak agents represented in Java are both clearer and more natural than those given in Promela. We examine both alternatives by means of a practical application, provide a qualitative comparison between them, and identify some key issues for future research.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Benerecetti, M., Cimatti, A.: Symbolic model checking for multi-agent systems. In: Proceedings of the Model Checking and Artificial Intelligence Workshop (MoChArt 2002), held with 15th ECAI, Lyon, France, July 21-26, pp. 1–8 (2002)
Bordini, R.H., Bazzan, A.L.C., Jannone, R.O., Basso, D.M., Vicari, R.M., Lesser, V.R.: AgentSpeak(XL): Efficient intention selection in BDI agents via decisiontheoretic task scheduling. In: Castelfranchi, C., Johnson, W.L. (eds.) Proceedings of the First International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS 2002), Bologna, Italy, July 15-19, pp. 1294–1302. ACM Press, New York (2002)
Bordini, R.H., Fisher, M., Pardavila, C., Wooldridge, M.: Model checking AgentSpeak. In: Rosenschein, J.S., Sandholm, T., Michael, W., Yokoo, M. (eds.) Proceedings of the Second International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS 2003), Melbourne, Australia, July 14-18, pp. 409–416. ACM Press, New York (2003)
Bordini, R.H., Moreira, Á.F.: Proving the asymmetry thesis principles for a BDI agent-oriented programming language. In: Dix, J., Leite, J.A., Satoh, K. (eds.) Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Computational Logic in Multi-Agent Systems (CLIMA 2002), Copenhagen, Denmark, August 1. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 70(5), Elsevier, Amsterdam (2002), http://www.elsevier.nl/locate/entcs/volume70.html ; CLIMA 2002 was held as part of FLoC 2002. This paper was originally published in Datalogiske Skrifter number 93, Roskilde University, Denmark, pp. 94–108 (2002)
Bordini, R.H., Visser, W., Fisher, M., Pardavila, C., Wooldridge, M.: Model checking multi-agent programs with CASP. In: Hunt Jr., W.A., Somenzi, F. (eds.) CAV 2003. LNCS, vol. 2725, pp. 110–113. Springer, Heidelberg (2003) (tool description)
Clarke, E.M., Grumberg, O., Peled, D.A.: Model Checking. The MIT Press, Cambridge (2000)
Dastani, M., van Riemsdijk, B., Dignum, F., Meyer, J.-J.C.: A programming language for cognitive agents: Goal directed 3apl. In: Dastani, M.M., Dix, J., El Fallah-Seghrouchni, A. (eds.) PROMAS 2003. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3067, pp. 111–130. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
de Giacomo, G., Lesperance, Y., Levesque, H.J., Sardiña, S.: On deliberation under incomplete information and the inadequacy of entailment and consistencybased formalizations. In: Dastani, M.M., Dix, J., El Fallah-Seghrouchni, A. (eds.) PROMAS 2003. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3067, Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
d’Inverno, M., Kinny, D., Luck, M., Wooldridge, M.: A formal specification of dMARS. In: Rao, A., Singh, M.P., Wooldridge, M.J. (eds.) ATAL 1997. LNCS, vol. 1365, pp. 155–176. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)
d’Inverno, M., Luck, M.: Engineering AgentSpeak(L): A formal computational model. Journal of Logic and Computation 8(3), 1–27 (1998)
Fisher, M., Ghidini, C.: The ABC of rational agent modelling. In: Castelfranchi, C., Johnson, W.L. (eds.) Proceedings of the First International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS 2002), Bologna, Italy, July 15-19, pp. 849–856. ACM Press, New York (2002)
Fisher, M., Visser, W.: Verification of autonomous spacecraft control – a logical vision of the future. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on AI Planning and Scheduling For Autonomy in Space Applications, co-located with TIME 2002, Manchester, UK, July 7-9 (2002)
Hoek, W., Wooldridge, M.: Model checking knowledge and time. In: Bošnački, D., Leue, S. (eds.) SPIN 2002. LNCS, vol. 2318, pp. 95–111. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Holzmann, G.: The Spin model checker. IEEE Transaction on Software Engineering 23(5), 279–295 (1997)
Kinny, D.: The distributed multi-agent reasoning system architecture and language specification. Technical report, Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute, Melbourne, Australia (1993)
Machado, R., Bordini, R.H.: Running AgentSpeak(L) agents on SIM AGENT. In: Meyer, J.-J.C., Tambe, M. (eds.) ATAL 2001. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2333, pp. 158–174. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
Mayfield, J., Labrou, Y., Finin, T.: Evaluation of KQML as an agent communication language. In: Tambe, M., Müller, J., Wooldridge, M.J. (eds.) IJCAI-WS 1995 and ATAL 1995. LNCS, vol. 1037, pp. 347–360. Springer, Heidelberg (1996)
Moreira, Á.F., Bordini, R.H.: An operational semantics for a BDI agent-oriented programming language. In: Meyer, J.-J.C., Wooldridge, M.J. (eds.) Proceedings of the Workshop on Logics for Agent-Based Systems (LABS 2002), held in conjunction with the Eighth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR 2002), Toulouse, France, April 22-25, pp. 45–59 (2002)
Muscettola, N., Nayak, P.P., Pell, B., Williams, B.C.: Remote agents: To boldly go where no AI system has gone before. Artificial Intelligence 103, 5–47 (1998)
Plotkin, G.D.: A structural approach to operational semantics. Technical report, Computer Science Department, Aarhus University, Aarhus (1981)
Rao, A.S.: AgentSpeak(L): BDI agents speak out in a logical computable language. In: Perram, J., Van de Velde, W. (eds.) MAAMAW 1996. LNCS, vol. 1038, pp. 42–55. Springer, Heidelberg (1996)
Rao, A.S., Georgeff, M.P.: A model-theoretic approach to the verification of situated reasoning systems. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 1993), Chambéry, France, pp. 318–324 (1993)
Rao, A.S., Georgeff, M.P.: Decision procedures for BDI logics. Journal of Logic and Computation 8(3), 293–343 (1998)
Scerri, P., Pynadath, D.V., Schurr, N., Farinelli, A., Gandhe, S., Tambe, M.: Team oriented programming and proxy agents: the next generation. In: Dastani, M.M., Dix, J., El Fallah-Seghrouchni, A. (eds.) PROMAS 2003. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3067, pp. 131–148. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Shoham, Y.: Agent-oriented programming. Artificial Intelligence 60, 51–92 (1993)
Sloman, A., Logan, B.: Building cognitively rich agents using the SIM AGENT toolkit. Communications of the Association of Computing Machinery 43(2), 71–77 (1999)
Visser, W., Havelund, K., Brat, G., Park, S.: Model checking programs. In: Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE 2000), Grenoble, France, September 11-15, pp. 3–12. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos (2000)
Wooldridge, M.: Reasoning about Rational Agents. The MIT Press, Cambridge (2000)
Wooldridge, M., Fisher, M., Huget, M.-P., Parsons, S.: Model checking multiagent systems with MABLE. In: Castelfranchi, C., Johnson, W.L. (eds.) Proceedings of the First International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS 2002), Bologna, Italy, July 15-19, pp. 952–959. ACM Press, New York (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Bordini, R.H., Fisher, M., Visser, W., Wooldridge, M. (2004). Verifiable Multi-agent Programs. In: Dastani, M.M., Dix, J., El Fallah-Seghrouchni, A. (eds) Programming Multi-Agent Systems. ProMAS 2003. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 3067. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-25936-7_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-25936-7_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-22180-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-25936-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive