Abstract
This article introduces an approximation space for graded acceptance of proposed software models for system design relative to design patterns that conform to a system design standard. A fundamental problem in system design is that feature values extracted from experimental design models tend not to match exactly patterns associated with standard design models. It is not generally known how to measure the extent that a particular system design conforms to a standard design pattern. The rough set approach introduced by Zdzislaw Pawlak provides a ground for concluding to what degree a particular model for a system design is a part of a set of a set of models representing a standard. To some extent, this research takes into account observations made by Christopher Alexander about the idea of form in Plato’s philosophy, which is helpful in arriving at an understanding about design patterns used to classify similar models for system designs. The basic assumption made in this research is that every system design can be approximated relative to a standard, and it is possible to prescribe conditions for the construction of a set of acceptable software models. The template method and memento behavioral design patterns are briefly considered by way of illustration. An approximation space for software models is introduced. In addition, an approach to the satisfaction- based classification of software models is also presented.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexander, C.: The Timeless Way of Building. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1979)
Alexander, C.: Notes on the Synthesis of Form. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1964)
Alexander, C., Ishikawa, S., Silverstein, M., Jacobson, M., Fiksdahl-King, S., Angel, I.: A Pattern Language. Oxford University Press, UK (1977)
Barwise, J., Seligman, J.: Information Flow. The Logic of Distributed Systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1997)
Gamma, E., Helm, R., Johnson, R., Vlissides, J.: Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Addison-Wesley, Toronto (1995)
Holt, J.: UML for Systems Engineering, Watching the Wheels. The Institute of Electrical Engineers, Herts (2001)
OMG Unified Modeling Language Specification. Object Management Group, http://www.omg.org
Pal, S.K., Polkowski, L., Skowron, A. (eds.): Rough-Neural Computing. Techniques for Computing with Words. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Pawlak, Z.: Rough sets. International J. Comp. Inform. Science 11, 341–356 (1982)
Pawlak, Z.: Rough sets and decision tables. In: Skowron, A. (ed.) SCT 1984. LNCS, vol. 208, pp. 186–196. Springer, Heidelberg (1985)
Pawlak, Z.: On rough dependency of attributes in information systems. Bulletin Polish Acad. Sci. Tech. 33, 551–599 (1985)
Pawlak, Z.: On decision tables. Bulletin Polish Acad. Sci. Tech. 34, 553–572 (1986)
Pawlak, Z.: Decision tables – a rough set approach. Bulletin ETACS 33, 85–96 (1987)
Pawlak, Z.: Rough Sets. Theoretical Reasoning about Data. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1991)
Peters, J.F.: Design patterns in intelligent systems. In: Zhong, N., Raś, Z.W., Tsumoto, S., Suzuki, E. (eds.) ISMIS 2003. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 2871, pp. 262–269. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)
Peters, J.F., Ramanna, S.: Intelligent systems design and architectural patterns. In: Proceedings IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communication, Computers and Signal Processing (PACRIM 2003), pp. 808–811 (2003)
Peters, J.F., Ramanna, S.: Towards a software change classification system: A rough set approach. Software Quality Journal 11, 121–147 (2003)
Peters, J.F., Skowron, A., Stepaniuk, J., Ramanna, S.: Towards an ontology of approximate reason. Fundamenta Informaticae 51(1,2), 157–173 (2002)
Polkowski, L., Skowron, A. (eds.): Rough Sets in Knowledge Discovery, vol. 1. Physica- Verlag, Heidelberg (1998a)
Polkowski, L., Skowron, A. (eds.): Rough Sets in Knowledge Discovery, vol. 2. Physica- Verlag, Heidelberg (1998b)
Polkowski, L.: Rough Sets. Mathematical Foundations. Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg (2002)
Sandewall, E.: Features and Fluents. The Representation of Knowledge about Dynamical Systems, vol. 1. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1994)
Skowron, A.: Toward intelligent systems: Calculi of information granules. In: Hirano, S., Inuiguchi, M., Tsumoto, S. (eds.) Bulletin of the International Rough Set Society, vol. 5(1/2), pp. 9–30 (2001)
Skowron, A., Polkowski, L.: Synthesis of decision systems from data tables. In: Lin, T.Y., Cercone, N. (eds.) Rough Sets and Data Mining: Analysis for Imprecise Data, pp. 259–300. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston (1997)
Skowron, A., Rauszer, C.: The Discernibility Matrices and Functions in Information Systems. In: Slowinski, R. (ed.) Intelligent Decision Support: Handbook of Applications and Advances of the Rough Sets Theory, pp. 331–362. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1992)
Skowron, A., Stepaniuk, J.: Tolerance approximation spaces. Fundamenta Informaticae 27, 245–253 (1996)
Skowron, A., Stepaniuk, J.: Information granules and approximation spaces. In: Proc. of the 7th Int. Conf. on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge- based Systems (IPMU 1998), Paris, pp. 1354–1361 (1998)
Skowron, A., Stepaniuk, J.: Information granules: Towards Foundations of Granular Computing. Int. Journal of Intelligent Systems 16, 57–85 (2001)
Skowron, A., Stepaniuk, J., Peters, J.F.: Rough sets and infomorphisms: Towards approximation of relations in distributed environments. Fundamenta Informaticae 54(2,3), 263–277 (2003)
Skowron, A., Swiniarski, R.W.: Information granulation and pattern recognition. In: Pal, S.K., Polkowski, L., Skowron, A. (eds.) Rough-Neural Computing, pp. 599–636. Springer, Berlin (2002)
Stark, L., Bowyer, K.: Achieving generalized object recognition through reasoning about association of function to structure. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 13(10), 1097–1104 (1991)
Stepaniuk, J.: Knowledge discovery by application of rough set model. In: Polkowski, L., Tsumoto, S., Lin, T.Y. (eds.) Rough Set Methods and Applications, New Developments in Knowledge Discovery in Information Systems, Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, vol. 56, pp. 137–234. Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg (2000)
Stepaniuk, J.: Approximation spaces, reducts and representatives. In: [21], pp. 295–306 (1998)
Watanabe, S.: Pattern Recognition: Human and Mechanical. Wiley, London (1985)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Peters, J.F., Ramanna, S. (2004). Approximation Space for Software Models. In: Peters, J.F., Skowron, A., Grzymała-Busse, J.W., Kostek, B., Świniarski, R.W., Szczuka, M.S. (eds) Transactions on Rough Sets I. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3100. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27794-1_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27794-1_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-22374-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-27794-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive