Abstract
The delay experienced by mobile applications in HSPA networks depends to a large extent on highly dynamical global context like, e.g., cell load or algorithms and thresholds governing radio resource scheduling, and on local context like, e.g., user-generated load or load history. These complex uncertainty factors are outside of an application’s sphere of influence and result in applications perceiving HSPA link behavior as non-deterministic and non-reproducible.
This paper analyzes accurate round-trip and one-way delay measurement results for three public HSPA networks to demonstrate the high degree of network non-determinism which mobile applications are likely to encounter in practice, particularly significant payload-dependence and halved delay on slightly increased user-generated link load. We argue that current HSPA radio link schedulers, relying on instantaneous user load as decision criterion for channel capacity allocation, neglect real-time application requirements. Cross-layer optimization is one solution which enables deterministic scheduler decisions based on application requirements.
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ball, C., Masseroni, C., Trivisonno, R.: Introducing 3G like conversational services in GERAN packet data networks. In: IEEE 61st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2005), Stockholm, Sweden, May 2005, pp. 2186–2191 (Spring 2005)
Vacirca, F., Ricciato, F., Pilz, R.: Large-scale RTT measurements from an operational UMTS/GPRS network. In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Wireless Internet (WICON 2005), Budpest, Hungary, July 2005, pp. 190–197 (2005)
Ricciato, F.: Traffic monitoring and analysis for the optimization of a 3G network. IEEE Wireless Communications 13(6), 42–49 (2006)
Ricciato, F., Hasenleithner, E., Romirer-Maierhofer, P.: Traffic analysis at short time-scales: an empirical case study from a 3G cellular network. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 5(1), 11–21 (2008)
Reichl, P., Jordan, N., Fabini, J., et al.: Wireless Inter-System Quality-of-Service: A Practical Performance Analysis of 3G and Beyond. In: Kommunikation in Verteilten Systemen (KiVS 2005), Kaiserslautern, Germany, March 2005, pp. 230–241 (2005)
Fabini, J., Reichl, P., Egger, C., et al.: Generic Access Network Emulation for NGN Testbeds. In: 4th International Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks and Communities (TridentCom 2008), Innsbruck, Austria, March 2008, p. 10 (2008)
Fabini, J., Reichl, P., Poropatich, A.: Measurement-Based Modeling of NGN Access Networks from an Application Perspective. In: Proceedings of the 14th GI/ITG Conference on Measurement, Modeling, and Evaluation of Computer and Communication Systems (MMB 2008), Dortmund, Germany, April 2008, pp. 45–59 (2008)
Fabini, J., Reichl, P., Poropatich, A.: A Generic Approach to Access Network Modeling for Next Generation Network Applications. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Networking and Services (ICNS 2008), Gosier, Guadeloupe, March 2008, pp. 254–260 (2008)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA: TCPDump Monitoring Tool (December 2007), http://www.tcpdump.org/
3GPP: 3rd Generation Partnership Project: 3GPP TS 25.321, Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol spec., version 6.15.0 (March 2008), http://www.3gpp.org/
National Laboratory for Applied Network Research (NLANR): IPerf Performance Measurement Tool (December 2007), http://dast.nlanr.net/Projects/Iperf/
Price, R., Bormann, C., Christofferson, J., et al.: IETF standards track RFC 3320: Signaling Compression (SigComp) (January 2003)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing
About this paper
Cite this paper
Fabini, J., Karner, W., Wallentin, L., Baumgartner, T. (2009). The Illusion of Being Deterministic – Application-Level Considerations on Delay in 3G HSPA Networks. In: Fratta, L., Schulzrinne, H., Takahashi, Y., Spaniol, O. (eds) NETWORKING 2009. NETWORKING 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5550. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01399-7_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01399-7_24
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-01398-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-01399-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)