Abstract
This work discusses an approach to seamlessly integrate real and virtual scene content by on-the-fly 3D scene modeling and dynamic scene interaction. The key element is a ToF-depth camera, accompanied by color cameras, mounted on a pan-tilt head. The system allows to scan the environment for easy 3D reconstruction, and will track and model dynamically moving objects like human actors in 3D. This allows to compute mutual occlusions between real and virtual objects and correct light and shadow generation with mutual light interaction. No dedicated studio is required, as virtually any room can be turned into a virtual studio with this approach. Since the complete process operates in 3D and produces consistent color and depth sequences, this system can be used for full 3D TV production.
This work was partially supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG), KO-2044/3-2 and the Project 3D4YOU, Grant 215075 of the ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) Work Programme of the EU’s 7th Framework program.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Xu, Z., Schwarte, R., Heinol, H., Buxbaum, B., Ringbeck., T.: Smart pixel - photonic mixer device (PMD). In: M2VIP 1998 - International Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice, pp. 259–264 (1998)
Lange, R., Seitz, P., Biber, A., Schwarte, R.: Time-of-Flight range imaging with a custom solid-state imagesensor. In: EOS/SPIE Laser Metrology and Inspection, vol. 3823 (1999)
Thomas, G.: Mixed reality techniques for TV and their application for on-set and pre-visualization in film production. In: International Workshop on Mixed Reality Technology for Flimmaking (2006)
Smith, A.R., Blinn, J.F.: Blue screen matting. In: SIGGRAPH 1996: Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, pp. 259–268. ACM, New York (1996)
Wang, J., Cohen, M.F.: Image and video matting: a survey. Found. Trends. Comput. Graph. Vis. 3(2), 97–175 (2007)
Thomas, G.A., Jin, J., Niblett, T., Urquhart, C.: A versatile camera position measurement system for virtual reality. In: Proceedings of International Broadcasting Convention, pp. 284–289 (1997)
Streckel, B., Koch, R.: Lens model selection for visual tracking. In: Kropatsch, W.G., Sablatnig, R., Hanbury, A. (eds.) DAGM 2005. LNCS, vol. 3663, pp. 41–48. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Chandaria, J., Thomas, G., Bartczak, B., Koeser, K., Koch, R., Becker, M., Bleser, G., Stricker, D., Wohlleber, C., Felsberg, M., Hol, J., Schoen, T., Skoglund, J., Slycke, P., Smeitz, S.: Real-time Camera Tracking in the MATRIS Project. In: Proceedings of International Broadcasting Convention (IBC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 321–328 (2006)
Schiller, I., Beder, C., Koch, R.: Calibration of a PMD camera using a planar calibration object together with a multi-camera setup. In: Proceedings of the ISPRS Congress, Bejing, China (2008)
Lindner, M., Schiller, I., Kolb, A., Koch, R.: Time-of-Flight Sensor Calibration for Accurate Range Sensing. In: Computer Vision and Image Understanding CVIU, Special Issue on Time-of-Flight Camera based Computer Vision (2009) (accepted for publication)
Zhang, Z.: Flexible Camera Calibration by Viewing a Plane from Unknown Orientations. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision, Corfu, Greece, pp. 666–673 (1999)
Bouguet, J.: Visual methods for three-dimensional modelling. PhD thesis, California Institute of Technology (1999)
Scaramuzza, D., Martinelli, A., Siegwart, R.: A Flexible Technique for Accurate Omnidirectional Camera Calibration and Structure from Motion. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference of Vision Systems. IEEE, Los Alamitos (2006)
Fuchs, S., May, S.: Calibration and Registration for Precise Surface Reconstruction with TOF Cameras. In: Proceedings of the DAGM Dyn3D Workshop, Heidelberg, Germany (2007)
Lindner, M., Kolb, A.: Lateral and Depth Calibration of PMD-Distance Sensors. In: Bebis, G., Boyle, R., Parvin, B., Koracin, D., Remagnino, P., Nefian, A., Meenakshisundaram, G., Pascucci, V., Zara, J., Molineros, J., Theisel, H., Malzbender, T. (eds.) ISVC 2006. LNCS, vol. 4292, pp. 524–533. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Huhle, B., Jenke, P., Straer, W.: On-the-fly scene acquisition with a handy multisensor-system. In: Dynamic 3D Imaging Workshop in Conjunction with DAGM 2007 (2007)
Scharstein, D., Szeliski, R., Zabih, R.: A Taxonomy and Evaluation of Dense Two-frame Stereo Correspondence Algorithms. In: Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Stereo and Multi-BaselineVision, Kauai, HI (December 2001)
Seitz, S., Curless, B., Diebel, J., Scharstein, D., Szeliski, R.: A Comparison and Evaluation of Multi-View Stereo Reconstruction Algorithms. In: Proceedings of International Conference Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR (2006)
Grundhöfer, A., Bimber, O.: VirtualStudio2Go: digital video composition for real environments. ACM Trans. Graph. 27(5), 1–8 (2008)
Garland, M., Heckbert, P.S.: Surface simplification using quadric error metrics. In: SIGGRAPH 1997, pp. 209–216 (1997)
Anatol, F., Falko, K., Bogumil, B., Reinhard, K.: Generation of 3D-TV LDV-Content with Time-of-Flight Camera. In: 3DTV Conference: The True Vision - Capture, Transmission and Display of 3D Video, Potsdam, Germany, May 2009, pp. 1–4 (2009)
Yang, Q., Yang, R., Davis, J., Nister, D.: Spatial-depth Super Resolution for Range Images. In: Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition CVPR 2007, pp. 1–8 (2007)
Koeser, K., Bartczak, B., Koch, R.: Robust GPU-Assisted Camera Tracking using Free-form Surface Models. Journal of Real Time Image Processing 2, 133–147 (2007)
Grau, O.: 3D in Content Creation and Post-Production. In: Schreer, O., Peter Kauff, T.S. (eds.) 3D Videocommunication, pp. 39–53 (2005)
Gvili, R., Kaplan, A., Ofek, E., Yahav, G.: Depth keying. SPIE, vol. 5006, pp. 564–574 (2003)
Bartczak, B., Schiller, I., Beder, C., Koch, R.: Integration of a Time-of-Flight Camera into a Mixed Reality System for Handling Dynamic Scenes, Moving Viewpoints and Occlusions in Real-Time. In: Proceedings of the 3DPVT Workshop, Atlanta, GA, USA (June 2008)
Guan, L., Franco, J.S., Pollefeys, M.: 3D Object Reconstruction with Heterogeneous Sensor Data. In: Proceedings of the 3DPVT Workshop, Atlanta, GA, USA (June 2008)
Williams, L.: Casting curved shadows on curved surfaces. In: SIGGRAPH 1978: Proceedings of the 5th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, pp. 270–274. ACM, New York (1978)
Jacobs, K., Nahmias, J.D., Angus, C., Reche, A., Loscos, C., Steed, A.: Automatic generation of consistent shadows for augmented reality. In: GI 2005: Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2005, School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, Canadian Human-Computer Communications Society, pp. 113–120 (2005)
Gibson, S., Cook, J., Howard, T., Hubbold, R.: Rapid shadow generation in real-world lighting environments. In: EGRW 2003: Proceedings of the 14th Eurographics workshop on Rendering, Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, Eurographics Association, pp. 219–229 (2003)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Koch, R., Schiller, I., Bartczak, B., Kellner, F., Köser, K. (2009). MixIn3D: 3D Mixed Reality with ToF-Camera. In: Kolb, A., Koch, R. (eds) Dynamic 3D Imaging. Dyn3D 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5742. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03778-8_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03778-8_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-03777-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-03778-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)