Abstract
Displaying facial motions such as crying or laughing is difficult to achieve in real-time simulations and games. Not only because of the complicated simulation of the physical characteristics such as muscle motions or fluid simulations, but also because one needs to know how to control these motions on a higher level. In this paper, we propose a method that uses the MPEG-4 Facial Animation standard to control a realistic crying face in real-time. The tear simulation is based on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics technique, which we optimized for real-time tear generation and control. Through simple parameters, a wide range of expressions and tears can be generated on the fly. Additionally, our method works independently of the graphics and physics engines that are used.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Egges, A., Magnenat-Thalmann, N.: Emotional communicative body animation for multiple characters. In: First International Workshop on Crowd Simulation (V-Crowds), pp. 31–40 (2005)
Garchery, S., Magnenat-Thalmann, N.: Designing mpeg-4 facial animation tables for web applications. In: Multimedia Modeling 2001, May 2001, pp. 39–59 (2001)
Vingerhoets, A.J.J.M., Cornelius, R.R., van Heck, G.L., Becht, M.C.: Adult crying: a model and review of the literature. In: Review of General Psychology, vol. 4(4), pp. 354–377. Educational Publishing Foundation (2000)
Borgquist, A.: Crying. American Journal of Psychology 17, 149–205 (1906)
Young, P.T.: Laughing and weeping, cheerfulness and depression: A study of moods among college students. Journal of Social Psychology 8, 311–334 (1937)
Williams, D.G., Morris, G.H.: Crying, weeping or tearfulness in british and israeli adults. British Journal of Psychology 87, 479–505 (1996)
Nelson, J.K.: The meaning of crying based on attachment theory. Clinical Social Work Journal 26(1), 9–22 (1998)
Barr, R.G.: Crying behaviour and its importance for psychosocial development in children (2006)
Vingerhoets, A.J.J.M.: Adult Crying, A Biopsychosocial Approach. Psychology Press (2001)
Patel, V.: Crying behavior and psychiatric disorder in adults: A review. Comprehensive Psychiatry 34(3), 206–211 (1993)
Ax, A.F.: The physiological differentiation between fear and anger in humans. Psychosomatic Medicine 14(5), 433–442 (1952)
Parke, F.I.: Computer generated animation of faces. In: Proceedings ACM Annual Conference, pp. 451–457. ACM Press, New York (1972)
Platt, S.M., Badler, N.: Animating facial expression. Computer Graphics 15(3), 245–252 (1981)
Noh, J.Y., Fidaleo, D., Neumann, U.: Animated deformations with radial basis functions. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 166–174. ACM Press, New York (2000)
Description of facial action coding system, http://face-and-emotion.com/dataface/facs/description.jsp (accessed November 2007)
Mpeg-4 standard homepage, http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-4/mpeg-4.htm (accessed January 2009)
Kshirsagar, S., Garchery, S., Magnenat-Thalmann, N.: Feature point based mesh deformation applied to mpeg-4 facial animation. In: Proceedings Deform’2000; Workshop on Virtual Humans by IFIP Working Group 5.10 (Computer Graphics and Virtual Worlds), pp. 23–34. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (2000)
Lavagetto, F., Pockaj, R.: The facial animation engine: towards a high-level interface for the design of mpeg-4 compliant animated faces. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 277–289 (March 1999)
Chen, J.X., da Vitoria Lobo, N., Hughes, C.E., Moshell, J.M.: Real-time fluid simulation in a dynamic virtual environment. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 17(3), 52–61 (1997)
Monaghan, J.J.: Smoothed particle hydrodynamics. Annual review of astronomy and astrophysics 30, 543–574 (1992)
Müller, M., Charypar, D., Gross, M.: Particle-based fluid simulation for interactive applications. In: SCA 2003: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation, Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, pp. 154–159. Eurographics Association (2003)
Harada, T., Koshizuka, S., Kawaguchi, Y.: Smoothed particle hydrodynamics on gpus. Computer Graphics International (2007)
Zwicker, M., Pfister, H.P., van Baar, J., Gross, M.: Surface splatting. In: SIGGRAPH 2001, pp. 371–378 (2001)
Lorensen, W.E., Cline, H.E.: Marching cubes: A high resolution 3rd surface construction algorithm. In: SIGGRAPH 1987: Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, pp. 163–169. ACM, New York (1987)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
van Tol, W., Egges, A. (2009). Real-Time Crying Simulation. In: Ruttkay, Z., Kipp, M., Nijholt, A., Vilhjálmsson, H.H. (eds) Intelligent Virtual Agents. IVA 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 5773. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04380-2_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04380-2_25
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-04379-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-04380-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)