Abstract
A number of text entry methods use a predictive completion based on letter-level n-gram model. In this paper, we investigate on an optimal length of n-grams stored in such model for a predictive keyboard operated by humming. In order to find the length, we analyze six different corpora, from which a model is built by counting number of primitive operations needed to enter a text. Based on these operations, we provide a formula for estimation of words per minute (WPM) rate. The model and the analysis results are verified in an experiment with three experienced users of the keyboard.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Polacek, O., Mikovec, Z., Sporka, A.J., Slavik, P.: Humsher: A Predictive Keyboard Operated by Humming. In: 13th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, ASSETS 2011, pp. 75–82. ACM, New York (2011)
Igarashi, T., Hughes, J.F.: Voice as sound: using non-verbal voice input for interactive control. In: 14th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, UIST 2001, pp. 155–156. ACM, New York (2001)
Sporka, A.J., Kurniawan, S.H., Slavík, P.: Non-speech operated emulation of keyboard. In: Clarkson, J., Langdon, P., Robinson, P. (eds.) Designing Accessible Technology, pp. 145–154. Springer, London (2006)
Harada, S., Landay, J.A., Malkin, J., Li, X., Bilmes, J.A.: The Vocal Joystick: Evaluation of voice-based cursor control techniques. In: 8th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, ASSETS 2006, pp. 197–204. ACM, New York (2006)
Ward, D.J., Blackwell, A.F., MacKay, D.J.C.: Dasher – a data entry interface using continuous gestures and language models. In: 13th ACM Symp. on User Interface Software and Technology, UIST 2000, pp. 129–137. ACM, New York (2000)
Kushler, C.: AAC: Using a Reduced Keyboard. Technical report (1998)
Felzer, T., MacKenzie, I., Beckerle, P., Rinderknecht, S.: Qanti: A Software Tool for Quick Ambiguous Non-standard Text Input. In: Miesenberger, K., Klaus, J., Zagler, W., Karshmer, A. (eds.) ICCHP 2010. LNCS, vol. 6180, pp. 128–135. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Sporka, A.J., Felzer, T., Kurniawan, S.H., Polacek, O., Haiduk, P., MacKenzie, I.S.: CHANTI: Predictive Text Entry Using Non-verbal Vocal Input. In: 2011 Annual Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2011, pp. 2463–2472. ACM, New York (2011)
Teahan, W.: Probability estimation for PPM. In: New Zealand Research Students’ Conference (1995)
Vertanen, K., Kristensson, P.O.: The Imagination of Crowds: Conversational AAC Language Modeling using Crowdsourcing and Large Data Sources. In: Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2011, pp. 700–711. Association for Computational Linguistics (2011)
Vertanen, K., Kristensson, P.O.: A versatile dataset for text entry evaluations based on genuine mobile emails. In: 13th Int. Conf. on Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services, MobileHCI 2011, pp. 198–295. ACM, New York (2011)
Wobbrock, J.O.: Measures of text entry performance. In: MacKenzie, I.S., Tanaka-Ishii, K. (eds.) Text Entry Systems: Mobility, Accessibility, Universality, pp. 47–74. Morgan Kaufmann (2007)
MacKenzie, I.S.: KSPC (Keystrokes per Character) as a Characteristic of Text Entry Techniques. In: Paternó, F. (ed.) Mobile HCI 2002. LNCS, vol. 2411, pp. 195–210. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)
MacKenzie, I.S.: Movement time prediction in human-computer interfaces. In: Graphics Interface 1992, Toronto, pp. 140–150. Canadian Information Processing Society (1992)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Poláček, O., Sporka, A.J., Míkovec, Z. (2012). Measuring Performance of a Predictive Keyboard Operated by Humming. In: Miesenberger, K., Karshmer, A., Penaz, P., Zagler, W. (eds) Computers Helping People with Special Needs. ICCHP 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7383. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31534-3_69
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31534-3_69
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-31533-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-31534-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)