Abstract
Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a likely candidate for future low power nano-scale electronic devices. Recently, configurable QCA designs are studied due to its low device cost, low power consumption and efficient utilization of device area. In this direction, a design of level triggered configurable flip-flop (LTCFF) is proposed which can be configured to D, T and JK flip-flop. A realistic version of the proposed LTCFF is also implemented using a universal, scalable and efficient (USE) clocking scheme. The performance of the proposed LTCFF is evaluated in terms of area occupied, no. of cells and delay which shows significant improvement over existing designs. The design flexibility of LTCFF is further tested realizing n-bit Counter/Shift Register. Moreover, the single stuck-at faults of the proposed LTCFF are tested with the help of its control inputs. All the proposed designs are verified using QCADesigner simulator.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bernstein, G., et al.: Magnetic QCA systems. Microelectron. J. 36(7), 619–624 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2004.12.002. European Micro and Nano Systems
Campos, C.A.T., Marciano, A.L., Neto, O.P.V., Torres, F.S.: Use: a universal, scalable, and efficient clocking scheme for QCA. IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. 35(3), 513–517 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2015.2471996
Chaudhary, A., Chen, D.Z., Hu, X.S., Niemier, M.T., Ravichandran, R., Whitton, K.: Fabricatable interconnect and molecular QCA circuits. Trans Comp-Aided Des. Integr Circuits Syst. 26(11), 1978–1991 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2007.906467
Ghosh, B., Chandra, J.S., Salimath, A.K.: Design of a multi-layered QCA configurable logic block for FPGAs. J. Circuits Syst. Comput. 23(06), 1450089 (2014)
Kianpour, M., Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, R.: A conventional design for CLB implementation of a FPGA in quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA). In: 2012 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Nanoscale Architectures (NANOARCH). pp. 36–42, July 2012. https://doi.org/10.1145/2765491.2765499
Lent, C.S., Tougaw, P.D., Porod, W., Bernstein, G.H.: Quantum cellular automata. Nanotechnology 4(1), 49 (1993)
Lim, L.A., Ghazali, A., Yan, S.C.T., Fat, C.C.: Sequential circuit design using quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA). In: 2012 IEEE International Conference on Circuits and Systems (ICCAS), pp. 162–167, October 2012
Momenzadeh, M., Huang, J., Tahoori, M.B., Lombardi, F.: Characterization, test, and logic synthesis of and-or-inverter (AOI) gate design for QCA implementation. IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. 24(12), 1881–1893 (2005)
Motameni, H., Montazeri, B.: Reconfigurable logic based on quantum-dot cellular automata. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 7, 1817–1823 (2011)
Navi, K., Mohammadi, H., Angizi, S.: A novel quantum-dot cellular automata reconfigurable majority gate with 5 and 7 inputs support. J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 12(3), 399–406 (2015)
Navi, K., Roohi, A., Sayedsalehi, S.: Designing reconfigurable quantum-dot cellular automata logic circuits. J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 10(5), 1137–1146 (2013)
Pandiammal, K., Meganathan, D.: Design of 8 bit reconfigurable ALU using quantum dot cellular automata. In: 2018 IEEE 13th Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference (NMDC), pp. 1–4, October 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/NMDC.2018.8605892
Roohi, A., Sayedsalehi, S., Khademolhosseini, H., Navi, K.: Design and evaluation of a reconfigurable fault tolerant quantum-dot cellular automata gate. J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 10(2), 380–388 (2013)
Shin, S.H., Jeon, J.C., Yoo, K.Y.: Wire-crossing technique on quantum-dot cellular automata. In: 2nd International Conference on Next Generation Computer and Information Technology, vol. 27, pp. 52–57 (2013)
Venkataramani, P., Srivastava, S., Bhanja, S.: Sequential circuit design in quantum-dot cellular automata. In: 2008 8th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology, pp. 534–537, August 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2008.159
Vetteth, A., Walus, K., Dimitrov, V., Jullien, G.: Quantum-dot cellular automata of flip-flops. In: ATIPS Laboratory 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 (2003)
Yang, X., Cai, L., Zhao, X., Zhang, N.: Design and simulation of sequential circuits in quantum-dot cellular automata: falling edge-triggered flip-flop and counter study. Microelectron. J. 41(1), 56–63 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2009.12.008
Acknowledgment
This entire research has been carried out under the Visvesvaraya PhD scheme which is managed by the Media Lab Asia, India and is under the supervision of the Electronics and IT Department, Ministry of Communications and IT, Government of India.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Goswami, M., Choudhury, M.R., Sen, B. (2019). A Realistic Configurable Level Triggered Flip-Flop in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata. In: Sengupta, A., Dasgupta, S., Singh, V., Sharma, R., Kumar Vishvakarma, S. (eds) VLSI Design and Test. VDAT 2019. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1066. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9767-8_38
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9767-8_38
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-32-9766-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-32-9767-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)