Abstract
In this work we apply effective field theory (EFT) to observables in quarkonium production and decay that are sensitive to soft gluon radiation, in particular measurements that are sensitive to small transverse momentum. Within the EFT framework we study χQ decay to light quarks followed by the fragmentation of those quarks to light hadrons. We derive a factorization theorem that involves transverse momentum distribution (TMD) fragmentation functions and new quarkonium TMD shape functions. We derive renormalization group equations, both in rapidity and virtuality, which are used to evolve the different terms in the factorization theorem to resum large logarithms. This theoretical framework will provide a systematic treatment of quarkonium production and decay processes in TMD sensitive measurements.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
M.G. Echevarria, A. Idilbi and I. Scimemi, Factorization Theorem For Drell-Yan At Low qTAnd Transverse Momentum Distributions On-The-Light-Cone, JHEP07 (2012) 002 [arXiv:1111.4996] [INSPIRE].
M.G. Echevarria, A. Idilbi and I. Scimemi, Unified treatment of the QCD evolution of all (un-)polarized transverse momentum dependent functions: Collins function as a study case, Phys. Rev.90 (2014) 014003 [arXiv:1402.0869] [INSPIRE].
A. Vladimirov, Structure of rapidity divergences in multi-parton scattering soft factors, JHEP04 (2018) 045 [arXiv:1707.07606] [INSPIRE].
J.R. Gaunt, Glauber Gluons and Multiple Parton Interactions, JHEP07 (2014) 110 [arXiv:1405.2080] [INSPIRE].
X.-d. Ji, J.-p. Ma and F. Yuan, QCD factorization for semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering at low transverse momentum, Phys. Rev.D 71 (2005) 034005 [hep-ph/0404183] [INSPIRE].
STAR collaboration, Measurement of the transverse single-spin asymmetry in p↑ + p → W±/Z0at RHIC, Phys. Rev. Lett.116 (2016) 132301 [arXiv:1511.06003] [INSPIRE].
COMPASS collaboration, First measurement of transverse-spin-dependent azimuthal asymmetries in the Drell-Yan process, Phys. Rev. Lett.119 (2017) 112002 [arXiv:1704.00488] [INSPIRE].
HERMES collaboration, Multiplicities of charged pions and kaons from semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering by the proton and the deuteron, Phys. Rev.D 87 (2013) 074029 [arXiv:1212.5407] [INSPIRE].
COMPASS collaboration, Transverse-momentum-dependent Multiplicities of Charged Hadrons in Muon-Deuteron Deep Inelastic Scattering, Phys. Rev.D 97 (2018) 032006 [arXiv:1709.07374] [INSPIRE].
Belle collaboration, Precision Measurement of Charged Pion and Kaon Differential Cross sections in e+e−Annihilation at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 10.52 GeV, Phys. Rev. Lett.111 (2013) 062002 [arXiv:1301.6183] [INSPIRE].
BaBar collaboration, Production of charged pions, kaons and protons in e+e−annihilations into hadrons at \( \sqrt{s} \) = 10.54 GeV, Phys. Rev.D 88 (2013) 032011 [arXiv:1306.2895] [INSPIRE].
R. Bain, Y. Makris and T. Mehen, Transverse Momentum Dependent Fragmenting Jet Functions with Applications to Quarkonium Production, JHEP11 (2016) 144 [arXiv:1610.06508] [INSPIRE].
D. Neill, I. Scimemi and W.J. Waalewijn, Jet axes and universal transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation, JHEP04 (2017) 020 [arXiv:1612.04817] [INSPIRE].
Y. Makris, Transverse Momentum Dependent Fragmenting Jet Functions with Applications to Quarkonium Production, PoS(QCDEV2017)035 (2017).
Z.-B. Kang, X. Liu, F. Ringer and H. Xing, The transverse momentum distribution of hadrons within jets, JHEP11 (2017) 068 [arXiv:1705.08443] [INSPIRE].
Y. Makris, D. Neill and V. Vaidya, Probing Transverse-Momentum Dependent Evolution With Groomed Jets, JHEP07 (2018) 167 [arXiv:1712.07653] [INSPIRE].
D. Gutierrez-Reyes, I. Scimemi, W.J. Waalewijn and L. Zoppi, Transverse momentum dependent distributions with jets, Phys. Rev. Lett.121 (2018) 162001 [arXiv:1807.07573] [INSPIRE].
Y. Makris and V. Vaidya, Transverse Momentum Spectra at Threshold for Groomed Heavy Quark Jets, JHEP10 (2018) 019 [arXiv:1807.09805] [INSPIRE].
D. Gutierrez-Reyes, I. Scimemi, W.J. Waalewijn and L. Zoppi, Transverse momentum dependent distributions in e+e−and semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering using jets, JHEP10 (2019) 031 [arXiv:1904.04259] [INSPIRE].
D. Gutierrez-Reyes, Y. Makris, V. Vaidya, I. Scimemi and L. Zoppi, Probing Transverse-Momentum Distributions With Groomed Jets, JHEP08 (2019) 161 [arXiv:1907.05896] [INSPIRE].
A. Accardi et al., Electron Ion Collider: The Next QCD Frontier, Eur. Phys. J.A 52 (2016) 268 [arXiv:1212.1701] [INSPIRE].
W.E. Caswell and G.P. Lepage, Effective Lagrangians for Bound State Problems in QED, QCD and Other Field Theories, Phys. Lett.167B (1986) 437 [INSPIRE].
G.T. Bodwin, E. Braaten and G.P. Lepage, Rigorous QCD analysis of inclusive annihilation and production of heavy quarkonium, Phys. Rev.D 51 (1995) 1125 [Erratum ibid.D 55 (1997) 5853] [hep-ph/9407339] [INSPIRE].
Z.-B. Kang, Y.-Q. Ma, J.-W. Qiu and G. Sterman, Heavy Quarkonium Production at Collider Energies: Factorization and Evolution, Phys. Rev.D 90 (2014) 034006 [arXiv:1401.0923] [INSPIRE].
G.C. Nayak, J.-W. Qiu and G.F. Sterman, Fragmentation, factorization and infrared poles in heavy quarkonium production, Phys. Lett.B 613 (2005) 45 [hep-ph/0501235] [INSPIRE].
G.C. Nayak, J.-W. Qiu and G.F. Sterman, Fragmentation, NRQCD and NNLO factorization analysis in heavy quarkonium production, Phys. Rev.D 72 (2005) 114012 [hep-ph/0509021] [INSPIRE].
Z.-B. Kang, J.-W. Qiu and G. Sterman, Factorization and quarkonium production, Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl.214 (2011) 39 [INSPIRE].
S. Fleming, A.K. Leibovich, T. Mehen and I.Z. Rothstein, The Systematics of Quarkonium Production at the LHC and Double Parton Fragmentation, Phys. Rev.D 86 (2012) 094012 [arXiv:1207.2578] [INSPIRE].
P.L. Cho and A.K. Leibovich, Color octet quarkonia production, Phys. Rev.D 53 (1996) 150 [hep-ph/9505329] [INSPIRE].
P.L. Cho and A.K. Leibovich, Color octet quarkonia production. 2., Phys. Rev.D 53 (1996) 6203 [hep-ph/9511315] [INSPIRE].
A. Petrelli, M. Cacciari, M. Greco, F. Maltoni and M.L. Mangano, NLO production and decay of quarkonium, Nucl. Phys.B 514 (1998) 245 [hep-ph/9707223] [INSPIRE].
E. Braaten and T.C. Yuan, Gluon fragmentation into P wave heavy quarkonium, Phys. Rev.D 50 (1994) 3176 [hep-ph/9403401] [INSPIRE].
J.P. Ma, Quark fragmentation into p wave triplet quarkonium, Phys. Rev.D 53 (1996) 1185 [hep-ph/9504263] [INSPIRE].
E. Braaten and Y.-Q. Chen, Dimensional regularization in quarkonium calculations, Phys. Rev.D 55 (1997) 2693 [hep-ph/9610401] [INSPIRE].
E. Braaten and S. Fleming, Color octet fragmentation and the psi-prime surplus at the Tevatron, Phys. Rev. Lett.74 (1995) 3327 [hep-ph/9411365] [INSPIRE].
G.T. Bodwin, K.-T. Chao, H.S. Chung, U.-R. Kim, J. Lee and Y.-Q. Ma, Fragmentation contributions to hadroproduction of prompt J/ψ, χcJand ψ(2S) states, Phys. Rev.D 93 (2016) 034041 [arXiv:1509.07904] [INSPIRE].
M. Butenschoen and B.A. Kniehl, World data of J/psi production consolidate NRQCD factorization at NLO, Phys. Rev.D 84 (2011) 051501 [arXiv:1105.0820] [INSPIRE].
M. Butenschoen and B.A. Kniehl, Next-to-leading-order tests of NRQCD factorization with J/ψ yield and polarization, Mod. Phys. Lett.A 28 (2013) 1350027 [arXiv:1212.2037] [INSPIRE].
K.-T. Chao, Y.-Q. Ma, H.-S. Shao, K. Wang and Y.-J. Zhang, J/ψ Polarization at Hadron Colliders in Nonrelativistic QCD, Phys. Rev. Lett.108 (2012) 242004 [arXiv:1201.2675] [INSPIRE].
G.T. Bodwin, H.S. Chung, U.-R. Kim and J. Lee, Fragmentation contributions to J/ψ production at the Tevatron and the LHC, Phys. Rev. Lett.113 (2014) 022001 [arXiv:1403.3612] [INSPIRE].
M. Beneke, I.Z. Rothstein and M.B. Wise, Kinematic enhancement of nonperturbative corrections to quarkonium production, Phys. Lett.B 408 (1997) 373 [hep-ph/9705286] [INSPIRE].
S. Fleming, A.K. Leibovich and T. Mehen, Resumming the color octet contribution to e+e−→ J/ψ + X , Phys. Rev.D 68 (2003) 094011 [hep-ph/0306139] [INSPIRE].
S. Fleming, A.K. Leibovich and T. Mehen, Resummation of Large Endpoint Corrections to Color-Octet J/ψ Photoproduction, Phys. Rev.D 74 (2006) 114004 [hep-ph/0607121] [INSPIRE].
M.G. Echevarria, Proper TMD factorization for quarkonia production: pp → ηc,bas a study case, JHEP10 (2019) 144 [arXiv:1907.06494] [INSPIRE].
Y.-Q. Ma and R. Venugopalan, Comprehensive Description of J/ψ Production in Proton-Proton Collisions at Collider Energies, Phys. Rev. Lett.113 (2014) 192301 [arXiv:1408.4075] [INSPIRE].
Y.-Q. Ma, R. Venugopalan and H.-F. Zhang, J/ψ production and suppression in high energy proton-nucleus collisions, Phys. Rev.D 92 (2015) 071901 [arXiv:1503.07772] [INSPIRE].
P. Sun, C.P. Yuan and F. Yuan, Heavy Quarkonium Production at Low PTin NRQCD with Soft Gluon Resummation, Phys. Rev.D 88 (2013) 054008 [arXiv:1210.3432] [INSPIRE].
W.J. den Dunnen, J.P. Lansberg, C. Pisano and M. Schlegel, Accessing the Transverse Dynamics and Polarization of Gluons inside the Proton at the LHC, Phys. Rev. Lett.112 (2014) 212001 [arXiv:1401.7611] [INSPIRE].
A. Bacchetta, D. Boer, C. Pisano and P. Taels, Gluon TMDs and NRQCD matrix elements in J/ψ production at an EIC, Eur. Phys. J.C 80 (2020) 72 [arXiv:1809.02056] [INSPIRE].
E.L. Berger, J.-w. Qiu and Y.-l. Wang, Transverse momentum distribution of υ production in hadronic collisions, Phys. Rev.D 71 (2005) 034007 [hep-ph/0404158] [INSPIRE].
E.L. Berger, J.-W. Qiu and Y. Wang, υ transverse momentum at hadron colliders, Int. J. Mod. Phys.A 20 (2005) 3753 [hep-ph/0411026] [INSPIRE].
J.-W. Qiu and K. Watanabe, Heavy quarkonium production in hadronic collisions in TMD framework, PoS(QCDEV2017)024 (2017) [arXiv:1710.06928] [INSPIRE].
C.W. Bauer, S. Fleming and M.E. Luke, Summing Sudakov logarithms in B → Xsγ in effective field theory, Phys. Rev.D 63 (2000) 014006 [hep-ph/0005275] [INSPIRE].
C.W. Bauer, S. Fleming, D. Pirjol and I.W. Stewart, An Effective field theory for collinear and soft gluons: Heavy to light decays, Phys. Rev.D 63 (2001) 114020 [hep-ph/0011336] [INSPIRE].
C.W. Bauer and I.W. Stewart, Invariant operators in collinear effective theory, Phys. Lett.B 516 (2001) 134 [hep-ph/0107001] [INSPIRE].
C.W. Bauer, D. Pirjol and I.W. Stewart, Soft collinear factorization in effective field theory, Phys. Rev.D 65 (2002) 054022 [hep-ph/0109045] [INSPIRE].
M.E. Luke, A.V. Manohar and I.Z. Rothstein, Renormalization group scaling in nonrelativistic QCD, Phys. Rev.D 61 (2000) 074025 [hep-ph/9910209] [INSPIRE].
I.Z. Rothstein, P. Shrivastava and I.W. Stewart, Manifestly Soft Gauge Invariant Formulation of vNRQCD, Nucl. Phys.B 939 (2019) 405 [arXiv:1806.07398] [INSPIRE].
A. Idilbi and A. Majumder, Extending Soft-Collinear-Effective-Theory to describe hard jets in dense QCD media, Phys. Rev.D 80 (2009) 054022 [arXiv:0808.1087] [INSPIRE].
F. D’Eramo, H. Liu and K. Rajagopal, Transverse Momentum Broadening and the Jet Quenching Parameter, Redux, Phys. Rev.D 84 (2011) 065015 [arXiv:1006.1367] [INSPIRE].
G. Ovanesyan and I. Vitev, An effective theory for jet propagation in dense QCD matter: jet broadening and medium-induced bremsstrahlung, JHEP06 (2011) 080 [arXiv:1103.1074] [INSPIRE].
G. Ovanesyan, Medium-induced splitting kernels from SCETG , Nucl. Phys.A904-905 (2013) 981c [arXiv:1210.4945] [INSPIRE].
M. Benzke, N. Brambilla, M.A. Escobedo and A. Vairo, Gauge invariant definition of the jet quenching parameter, JHEP02 (2013) 129 [arXiv:1208.4253] [INSPIRE].
I.Z. Rothstein and I.W. Stewart, An Effective Field Theory for Forward Scattering and Factorization Violation, JHEP08 (2016) 025 [arXiv:1601.04695] [INSPIRE].
M.E. Luke and A.V. Manohar, Reparametrization invariance constraints on heavy particle effective field theories, Phys. Lett.B 286 (1992) 348 [hep-ph/9205228] [INSPIRE].
A.V. Manohar, T. Mehen, D. Pirjol and I.W. Stewart, Reparameterization invariance for collinear operators, Phys. Lett.B 539 (2002) 59 [hep-ph/0204229] [INSPIRE].
G. Altarelli, R.K. Ellis, G. Martinelli and S.-Y. Pi, Processes Involving Fragmentation Functions Beyond the Leading Order in QCD, Nucl. Phys.B 160 (1979) 301 [INSPIRE].
E. Braaten and Y.-Q. Chen, Helicity decomposition for inclusive J/ψ production, Phys. Rev.D 54 (1996) 3216 [hep-ph/9604237] [INSPIRE].
J.-y. Chiu, A. Jain, D. Neill and I.Z. Rothstein, The Rapidity Renormalization Group, Phys. Rev. Lett.108 (2012) 151601 [arXiv:1104.0881] [INSPIRE].
J.-Y. Chiu, A. Jain, D. Neill and I.Z. Rothstein, A Formalism for the Systematic Treatment of Rapidity Logarithms in Quantum Field Theory, JHEP05 (2012) 084 [arXiv:1202.0814] [INSPIRE].
I. Scimemi and A. Vladimirov, Systematic analysis of double-scale evolution, JHEP08 (2018) 003 [arXiv:1803.11089] [INSPIRE].
J.C. Collins, D.E. Soper and G.F. Sterman, Transverse Momentum Distribution in Drell-Yan Pair and W and Z Boson Production, Nucl. Phys.B 250 (1985) 199 [INSPIRE].
M. Hirai, S. Kumano, T.H. Nagai and K. Sudoh, Determination of fragmentation functions and their uncertainties, Phys. Rev.D 75 (2007) 094009 [hep-ph/0702250] [INSPIRE].
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
ArXiv ePrint: 1910.03586
Rights and permissions
This article is published under an open access license. Please check the 'Copyright Information' section either on this page or in the PDF for details of this license and what re-use is permitted. If your intended use exceeds what is permitted by the license or if you are unable to locate the licence and re-use information, please contact the Rights and Permissions team.
About this article
Cite this article
Fleming, S., Makris, Y. & Mehen, T. An effective field theory approach to quarkonium at small transverse momentum. J. High Energ. Phys. 2020, 122 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2020)122
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2020)122