Abstract
A high-power neutrino superbeam experiment at the ESS facility has been proposed such that the source-detector distance falls at the second oscillation maximum, giving very good sensitivity towards establishing CP violation. In this work, we explore the comparative physics reach of the experiment in terms of leptonic CP-violation, precision on atmospheric parameters, non-maximal θ 23, and its octant for a variety of choices for the baselines. We also vary the neutrino vs. the anti-neutrino running time for the beam, and study its impact on the physics goals of the experiment. We find that for the determination of CP violation, 540 km baseline with 7 years of ν and 3 years of \( \overline{\nu}\left(7\nu +3\overline{\nu}\right) \) run-plan performs the best and one expects a 5σ sensitivity to CP violation for 48% of true values of δ CP. The projected reach for the 200 km baseline with \( 7\nu +3\overline{\nu} \) run-plan is somewhat worse with 5σ sensitivity for 34% of true values of δ CP. On the other hand, for the discovery of a non-maximal θ 23 and its octant, the 200 km baseline option with \( 7\nu +3\overline{\nu} \) run-plan performs significantly better than the other baselines. A 5σ determination of a non-maximal θ 23 can be made if the true value of sin2 θ 23 ≲ 0.45 or sin2 θ 23 ≳ 0.57. The octant of θ 23 could be resolved at 5σ if the true value of sin2 θ 23 ≲ 0.43 or ≳ 0.59, irrespective of δ CP.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Particle Data Group collaboration, K.A. Olive et al., Review of particle physics, Chin. Phys. C 38 (2014) 090001 [INSPIRE].
B.T. Cleveland et al., Measurement of the solar electron neutrino flux with the Homestake chlorine detector, Astrophys. J. 496 (1998) 505 [INSPIRE].
GNO collaboration, M. Altmann et al., Complete results for five years of GNO solar neutrino observations, Phys. Lett. B 616 (2005) 174 [hep-ex/0504037] [INSPIRE].
Super-Kamiokande collaboration, J. Hosaka et al., Solar neutrino measurements in Super-Kamiokande-I, Phys. Rev. D 73 (2006) 112001 [hep-ex/0508053] [INSPIRE].
SNO collaboration, Q.R. Ahmad et al., Direct evidence for neutrino flavor transformation from neutral current interactions in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 011301 [nucl-ex/0204008] [INSPIRE].
SNO collaboration, B. Aharmim et al., An independent measurement of the total active 8 B solar neutrino flux using an array of 3 He proportional counters at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 (2008) 111301 [arXiv:0806.0989] [INSPIRE].
SNO collaboration, B. Aharmim et al., Low energy threshold analysis of the phase I and phase II data sets of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, Phys. Rev. C 81 (2010) 055504 [arXiv:0910.2984] [INSPIRE].
Borexino collaboration, C. Arpesella et al., Direct measurement of the 7 Be solar neutrino flux with 192 days of borexino data, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 (2008) 091302 [arXiv:0805.3843] [INSPIRE].
Super-Kamiokande collaboration, Y. Fukuda et al., Evidence for oscillation of atmospheric neutrinos, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 1562 [hep-ex/9807003] [INSPIRE].
Super-Kamiokande collaboration, Y. Ashie et al., A measurement of atmospheric neutrino oscillation parameters by Super-Kamiokande I, Phys. Rev. D 71 (2005) 112005 [hep-ex/0501064] [INSPIRE].
KamLAND collaboration, T. Araki et al., Measurement of neutrino oscillation with KamLAND: evidence of spectral distortion, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 (2005) 081801 [hep-ex/0406035] [INSPIRE].
KamLAND collaboration, S. Abe et al., Precision measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters with KamLAND, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 (2008) 221803 [arXiv:0801.4589] [INSPIRE].
Daya Bay collaboration, F.P. An et al., Observation of electron-antineutrino disappearance at Daya Bay, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 (2012) 171803 [arXiv:1203.1669] [INSPIRE].
Daya Bay collaboration, F.P. An et al., Improved measurement of electron antineutrino disappearance at Daya Bay, Chin. Phys. C 37 (2013) 011001 [arXiv:1210.6327] [INSPIRE].
RENO collaboration, J.K. Ahn et al., Observation of reactor electron antineutrino disappearance in the RENO experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 (2012) 191802 [arXiv:1204.0626] [INSPIRE].
Double CHOOZ collaboration, Y. Abe et al., Indication for the disappearance of reactor electron antineutrinos in the Double CHOOZ experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 (2012) 131801 [arXiv:1112.6353] [INSPIRE].
Double CHOOZ collaboration, Y. Abe et al., Reactor electron antineutrino disappearance in the Double CHOOZ experiment, Phys. Rev. D 86 (2012) 052008 [arXiv:1207.6632] [INSPIRE].
K2K collaboration, M.H. Ahn et al., Measurement of neutrino oscillation by the K2K experiment, Phys. Rev. D 74 (2006) 072003 [hep-ex/0606032] [INSPIRE].
MINOS collaboration, P. Adamson et al., Measurement of neutrino oscillations with the MINOS detectors in the NuMI beam, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 (2008) 131802 [arXiv:0806.2237] [INSPIRE].
MINOS collaboration, P. Adamson et al., Improved search for muon-neutrino to electron-neutrino oscillations in MINOS, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 (2011) 181802 [arXiv:1108.0015] [INSPIRE].
MINOS collaboration, P. Adamson et al., Electron neutrino and antineutrino appearance in the full MINOS data sample, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 (2013) 171801 [arXiv:1301.4581] [INSPIRE].
T2K collaboration, K. Abe et al., Indication of electron neutrino appearance from an accelerator-produced off-axis muon neutrino beam, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 (2011) 041801 [arXiv:1106.2822] [INSPIRE].
T2K collaboration, K. Abe et al., Evidence of electron neutrino appearance in a muon neutrino beam, Phys. Rev. D 88 (2013) 032002 [arXiv:1304.0841] [INSPIRE].
B. Pontecorvo, Neutrino experiments and the problem of conservation of leptonic charge, Sov. Phys. JETP 26 (1968) 984 [Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 53 (1967) 1717] [INSPIRE].
V.N. Gribov and B. Pontecorvo, Neutrino astronomy and lepton charge, Phys. Lett. B 28 (1969) 493 [INSPIRE].
S.M. Bilenky, Neutrino oscillations: brief history and present status, arXiv:1408.2864 [INSPIRE].
Daya Bay collaboration, F.P. An et al., Spectral measurement of electron antineutrino oscillation amplitude and frequency at Daya Bay, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 (2014) 061801 [arXiv:1310.6732] [INSPIRE].
E.K. Akhmedov, Parametric resonance of neutrino oscillations and passage of solar and atmospheric neutrinos through the earth, Nucl. Phys. B 538 (1999) 25 [hep-ph/9805272] [INSPIRE].
E.K. Akhmedov, A. Dighe, P. Lipari and A.Y. Smirnov, Atmospheric neutrinos at Super-Kamiokande and parametric resonance in neutrino oscillations, Nucl. Phys. B 542 (1999) 3 [hep-ph/9808270] [INSPIRE].
M.V. Chizhov and S.T. Petcov, New conditions for a total neutrino conversion in a medium, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 1096 [hep-ph/9903399] [INSPIRE].
M.C. Banuls, G. Barenboim and J. Bernabeu, Medium effects for terrestrial and atmospheric neutrino oscillations, Phys. Lett. B 513 (2001) 391 [hep-ph/0102184] [INSPIRE].
R. Gandhi, P. Ghoshal, S. Goswami, P. Mehta and S.U. Sankar, Large matter effects in ν μ → ν τ oscillations, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 (2005) 051801 [hep-ph/0408361] [INSPIRE].
V. Barger et al., Neutrino mass hierarchy and octant determination with atmospheric neutrinos, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 (2012) 091801 [arXiv:1203.6012] [INSPIRE].
S. Pascoli and T. Schwetz, Prospects for neutrino oscillation physics, Adv. High Energy Phys. 2013 (2013) 503401 [INSPIRE].
M. Blennow, P. Coloma, P. Huber and T. Schwetz, Quantifying the sensitivity of oscillation experiments to the neutrino mass ordering, JHEP 03 (2014) 028 [arXiv:1311.1822] [INSPIRE].
LAGUNA-LBNO collaboration, S.K. Agarwalla et al., The mass-hierarchy and CP-violation discovery reach of the LBNO long-baseline neutrino experiment, JHEP 05 (2014) 094 [arXiv:1312.6520] [INSPIRE].
S.K. Agarwalla, Physics potential of long-baseline experiments, Adv. High Energy Phys. 2014 (2014) 457803 [arXiv:1401.4705] [INSPIRE].
Y.-F. Li, Overview of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), Int. J. Mod. Phys. Conf. Ser. 31 (2014) 1460300 [arXiv:1402.6143] [INSPIRE].
RENO-50 collaboration, International workshop on RENO-50 toward neutrino mass hierarchy, http://home.kias.re.kr/MKG/h/reno50/, South Korea (2013).
S. Antusch, P. Huber, J. Kersten, T. Schwetz and W. Winter, Is there maximal mixing in the lepton sector?, Phys. Rev. D 70 (2004) 097302 [hep-ph/0404268] [INSPIRE].
H. Minakata, M. Sonoyama and H. Sugiyama, Determination of θ 23 in long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments with three-flavor mixing effects, Phys. Rev. D 70 (2004) 113012 [hep-ph/0406073] [INSPIRE].
M.C. Gonzalez-Garcia, M. Maltoni and A.Y. Smirnov, Measuring the deviation of the 2-3 lepton mixing from maximal with atmospheric neutrinos, Phys. Rev. D 70 (2004) 093005 [hep-ph/0408170] [INSPIRE].
D. Choudhury and A. Datta, Detecting matter effects in long baseline experiments, JHEP 07 (2005) 058 [hep-ph/0410266] [INSPIRE].
S. Choubey and P. Roy, Probing the deviation from maximal mixing of atmospheric neutrinos, Phys. Rev. D 73 (2006) 013006 [hep-ph/0509197] [INSPIRE].
D. Indumathi, M.V.N. Murthy, G. Rajasekaran and N. Sinha, Neutrino oscillation probabilities: sensitivity to parameters, Phys. Rev. D 74 (2006) 053004 [hep-ph/0603264] [INSPIRE].
T. Kajita, H. Minakata, S. Nakayama and H. Nunokawa, Resolving eight-fold neutrino parameter degeneracy by two identical detectors with different baselines, Phys. Rev. D 75 (2007) 013006 [hep-ph/0609286] [INSPIRE].
K. Hagiwara and N. Okamura, Solving the degeneracy of the lepton-flavor mixing angle θ ATM by the T2KK two detector neutrino oscillation experiment, JHEP 01 (2008) 022 [hep-ph/0611058] [INSPIRE].
A. Samanta and A.Y. Smirnov, The 2-3 mixing and mass split: atmospheric neutrinos and magnetized spectrometers, JHEP 07 (2011) 048 [arXiv:1012.0360] [INSPIRE].
S. Choubey and A. Ghosh, Determining the octant of θ 23 with PINGU, T2K, NOνA and reactor data, JHEP 11 (2013) 166 [arXiv:1309.5760] [INSPIRE].
A. Chatterjee, P. Ghoshal, S. Goswami and S.K. Raut, Octant sensitivity for large θ 13 in atmospheric and long baseline neutrino experiments, JHEP 06 (2013) 010 [arXiv:1302.1370] [INSPIRE].
S.K. Agarwalla, S. Prakash and S.U. Sankar, Resolving the octant of θ 23 with T2K and NOνA, JHEP 07 (2013) 131 [arXiv:1301.2574] [INSPIRE].
P. Huber, M. Lindner, T. Schwetz and W. Winter, First hint for CP-violation in neutrino oscillations from upcoming superbeam and reactor experiments, JHEP 11 (2009) 044 [arXiv:0907.1896] [INSPIRE].
S.K. Agarwalla, S. Prakash, S.K. Raut and S.U. Sankar, Potential of optimized NOνA for large θ 13 & combined performance with a LArTPC & T2K, JHEP 12 (2012) 075 [arXiv:1208.3644] [INSPIRE].
P.A.N. Machado, H. Minakata, H. Nunokawa and R. Zukanovich Funchal, What can we learn about the lepton CP phase in the next 10 years?, JHEP 05 (2014) 109 [arXiv:1307.3248] [INSPIRE].
M. Ghosh, P. Ghoshal, S. Goswami and S.K. Raut, Evidence for leptonic CP phase from NOνA, T2K and ICAL: a chronological progression, Nucl. Phys. B 884 (2014) 274 [arXiv:1401.7243] [INSPIRE].
K. Dick, M. Freund, M. Lindner and A. Romanino, CP violation in neutrino oscillations, Nucl. Phys. B 562 (1999) 29 [hep-ph/9903308] [INSPIRE].
A. Donini, M.B. Gavela, P. Hernández and S. Rigolin, Neutrino mixing and CP-violation, Nucl. Phys. B 574 (2000) 23 [hep-ph/9909254] [INSPIRE].
H. Minakata, Phenomenology of future neutrino experiments with large θ 13, Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 235-236 (2013) 173 [arXiv:1209.1690] [INSPIRE].
E. Baussan et al., The use the a high intensity neutrino beam from the ESS proton linac for measurement of neutrino CP-violation and mass hierarchy, arXiv:1212.5048 [INSPIRE].
ESSnuSB collaboration, E. Baussan et al., A very intense neutrino super beam experiment for leptonic CP-violation discovery based on the European Spallation Source Linac: a Snowmass 2013 white paper, arXiv:1309.7022 [INSPIRE].
MEMPHYS collaboration, L. Agostino et al., Study of the performance of a large scale water-Cherenkov detector (MEMPHYS), JCAP 01 (2013) 024 [arXiv:1206.6665] [INSPIRE].
J.-E. Campagne, M. Maltoni, M. Mezzetto and T. Schwetz, Physics potential of the CERN-MEMPHYS neutrino oscillation project, JHEP 04 (2007) 003 [hep-ph/0603172] [INSPIRE].
MINOS collaboration, P. Adamson et al., Combined analysis of ν μ disappearance and ν μ → ν e appearance in MINOS using accelerator and atmospheric neutrinos, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 (2014) 191801 [arXiv:1403.0867] [INSPIRE].
Super-Kamiokande collaboration, A. Himmel, Recent results from Super-Kamiokande, AIP Conf. Proc. 1604 (2014) 345 [arXiv:1310.6677] [INSPIRE].
T2K collaboration, K. Abe et al., Precise measurement of the neutrino mixing parameter θ 23 from muon neutrino disappearance in an off-axis beam, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 (2014) 181801 [arXiv:1403.1532] [INSPIRE].
F. Capozzi et al., Status of three-neutrino oscillation parameters, circa 2013, Phys. Rev. D 89 (2014) 093018 [arXiv:1312.2878] [INSPIRE].
D.V. Forero, M. Tortola and J.W.F. Valle, Neutrino oscillations refitted, Phys. Rev. D 90 (2014) 093006 [arXiv:1405.7540] [INSPIRE].
H. Minakata, H. Sugiyama, O. Yasuda, K. Inoue and F. Suekane, Reactor measurement of θ 13 and its complementarity to long baseline experiments, Phys. Rev. D 68 (2003) 033017 [Erratum ibid. D 70 (2004) 059901] [hep-ph/0211111] [INSPIRE].
K. Hiraide et al., Resolving θ 23 degeneracy by accelerator and reactor neutrino oscillation experiments, Phys. Rev. D 73 (2006) 093008 [hep-ph/0601258] [INSPIRE].
S.K. Agarwalla, S. Prakash and S. Uma Sankar, Exploring the three flavor effects with future superbeams using liquid argon detectors, JHEP 03 (2014) 087 [arXiv:1304.3251] [INSPIRE].
V. Barger et al., Configuring the long-baseline neutrino experiment, Phys. Rev. D 89 (2014) 011302 [arXiv:1307.2519] [INSPIRE].
V. Barger et al., Configurations of the long-baseline neutrino experiment, arXiv:1405.1054 [INSPIRE].
M. Ghosh, P. Ghoshal, S. Goswami and S.K. Raut, Synergies between neutrino oscillation experiments: an ‘adequate’ configuration for LBNO, JHEP 03 (2014) 094 [arXiv:1308.5979] [INSPIRE].
P. Huber, M. Lindner and W. Winter, Simulation of long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments with GLoBES (General Long Baseline Experiment Simulator), Comput. Phys. Commun. 167 (2005) 195 [hep-ph/0407333] [INSPIRE].
P. Huber, J. Kopp, M. Lindner, M. Rolinec and W. Winter, New features in the simulation of neutrino oscillation experiments with GLoBES 3.0: general long baseline experiment simulator, Comput. Phys. Commun. 177 (2007) 432 [hep-ph/0701187] [INSPIRE].
E. Fernandez-Martinez, private communication (2013).
L. Agostino, private communication (2013).
P. Coloma and E. Fernandez-Martinez, Optimization of neutrino oscillation facilities for large θ 13, JHEP 04 (2012) 089 [arXiv:1110.4583] [INSPIRE].
L. Wolfenstein, Neutrino oscillations in matter, Phys. Rev. D 17 (1978) 2369 [INSPIRE].
M. Freund, Analytic approximations for three neutrino oscillation parameters and probabilities in matter, Phys. Rev. D 64 (2001) 053003 [hep-ph/0103300] [INSPIRE].
E.K. Akhmedov, R. Johansson, M. Lindner, T. Ohlsson and T. Schwetz, Series expansions for three flavor neutrino oscillation probabilities in matter, JHEP 04 (2004) 078 [hep-ph/0402175] [INSPIRE].
A. Cervera et al., Golden measurements at a neutrino factory, Nucl. Phys. B 579 (2000) 17 [Erratum ibid. B 593 (2001) 731] [hep-ph/0002108] [INSPIRE].
H. Nunokawa, S.J. Parke and R. Zukanovich Funchal, Another possible way to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy, Phys. Rev. D 72 (2005) 013009 [hep-ph/0503283] [INSPIRE].
A. de Gouvêa, J. Jenkins and B. Kayser, Neutrino mass hierarchy, vacuum oscillations and vanishing |U e3|, Phys. Rev. D 71 (2005) 113009 [hep-ph/0503079] [INSPIRE].
G.L. Fogli et al., Solar neutrino oscillation parameters after first KamLAND results, Phys. Rev. D 67 (2003) 073002 [hep-ph/0212127] [INSPIRE].
P. Huber, M. Lindner and W. Winter, Superbeams versus neutrino factories, Nucl. Phys. B 645 (2002) 3 [hep-ph/0204352] [INSPIRE].
X. Qian, Daya Bay, talk given at the NuFact 2012 conference, http://www.jlab.org/conferences/nufact12/, Williamsburg U.S.A. July 23–28 2012.
K. Abe et al., Letter of intent: the hyper-Kamiokande experiment — detector design and physics potential, arXiv:1109.3262 [INSPIRE].
S.K. Agarwalla, S. Prakash and W. Wang, High-precision measurement of atmospheric mass-squared splitting with T2K and NOνA, arXiv:1312.1477 [INSPIRE].
S.K. Raut, Effect of non-zero θ 13 on the measurement of θ 23, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 28 (2013) 1350093 [arXiv:1209.5658] [INSPIRE].
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
ArXiv ePrint: 1406.2219
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
About this article
Cite this article
Agarwalla, S.K., Choubey, S. & Prakash, S. Probing neutrino oscillation parameters using high power superbeam from ESS. J. High Energ. Phys. 2014, 20 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2014)020
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2014)020