Abstract
Chitin is a long unbranched polysaccharide, made up of β-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine which forms crystalline fiber-like structure. It is present in the fungal cell walls, insect and crustacean cuticles, nematode eggshells, and protozoa cyst. We provide a critical appraisal on the chemical modifications of chitin and its derivatives in the context of their improved efficacy in medical applications without any side effect. Recent advancement in nanobiotechnology has helped to synthesize several chitin derivatives having significant biological applications. Here, we discuss the molecular diversity of chitin and its applications in enzyme immobilization, wound healing, packaging material, controlled drug release, biomedical imaging, gene therapy, agriculture, biosensor, and cosmetics. Also, we highlighted chitin and its derivatives as an antioxidant, antimicrobial agent, anticoagulant material, food additive, and hypocholesterolemic agent. We envisage that chitin and chitosan-based nanomaterials with their potential applications would augment nanobiotechnology and biomedical industries.
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Acknowledgments
We sincerely acknowledge the funding agencies Indian Council of Medical Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, and the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, for financial support. SA is grateful to DST SERB for the award of JC Bose National Fellowship.
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This study was funded by Science and Engineering Research Board, Government of India (grant number EMR/2015/002372).
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Khan, F.I., Rahman, S., Queen, A. et al. Implications of molecular diversity of chitin and its derivatives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 101, 3513–3536 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-017-8229-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-017-8229-1