Abstract
Currently, gradient domain methods are popular for producing seamless cloning of a source image patch into a target image. However, structure conflicts between the source image patch and the target image may generate artifacts, preventing the general practices. In this paper, we tackle the challenge by incorporating the users’ intent in outlining the source patch, where the boundary drawn generally has different appearances from the objects of interest. We first reveal that artifacts exist in the over-included region, the region outside the objects of interest in the source patch. Then we use the diversity from the boundary to approximately distinguish the objects from the over-included region, and design a new algorithm to make the target image adaptively take effects in blending. So the structure conflicts can be efficiently suppressed to remove the artifacts around the objects of interest in the composite result. Moreover, we develop an interpolation measure to composite the final image rather than solving a Poisson equation, and speed up the interpolation by treating pixels in clusters and using hierarchical sampling techniques. Our method is simple to use for instant and high-quality image cloning, in which users only need to outline a region of interested objects to process. Our experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of our cloning method.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
Agarwala, A.: Efficient gradient-domain compositing using quadtrees. In: SIGGRAPH ’07: ACM SIGGRAPH, p. 94. ACM, New York (2007)
An, X., Pellacini, F.: Appprop: all-pairs appearance space edit propagation. In: SIGGRAPH ’08: ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 1–9. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2008)
Chen, T., Cheng, M.M., Tan, P., Shamir, A., Hu, S.M.: Sketch2photo: Internet image montage. ACM Trans. Graph. 28(5), 124:1–124:10 (2009)
Darabi, S., Shechtman, E., Barnes, C., Goldman, D.B., Sen, P.: Image melding: combining inconsistent images using patch-based synthesis. ACM Trans. Graph. 31(4), 82:1–82:10 (2012) (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2012)
Ding, M., Tong, R.F.: Content-aware copying and pasting in images. Vis. Comput. 26(6–8), 721–729 (2010)
Du, H., Jin, X.: Object cloning using constrained mean value interpolation. Vis. Comput. 29(3), 217–229 (2013)
Farbman, Z., Hoffer, G., Lipman, Y., Cohen-Or, D., Lischinski, D.: Coordinates for instant image cloning. ACM Trans. Graph. 28(3), 1–9 (2009)
Gastal, E.S.L., Oliveira, M.M.: Shared sampling for real-time alpha matting. Comput. Graph. Forum 29(2), 575–584 (2010)
Jeschke, S., Cline, D., Wonka, P.: A GPU Laplacian solver for diffusion curves and Poisson image editing. In: SIGGRAPH Asia ’09: ACM SIGGRAPH Asia, pp. 1–8. ACM, New York (2009)
Jia, J., Sun, J., Tang, C.K., Shum, H.Y.: Drag-and-drop pasting. In: SIGGRAPH ’06: ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 631–637. ACM, New York (2006)
Kazhdan, M., Hoppe, H.: Streaming multigrid for gradient-domain operations on large images. ACM Trans. Graph. 27(3), 1–10 (2008)
Levin, A., Lischinski, D., Weiss, Y.: A closed-form solution to natural image matting. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 30(2), 228–242 (2008)
Levin, A., Rav-Acha, A., Lischinski, D.: Spectral matting. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 30(10), 1699–1712 (2008)
McGuire, M., Matusik, W., Pfister, H., Hughes, J.F., Durand, F.: Defocus video matting. In: SIGGRAPH ’05: ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 567–576. ACM, New York (2005)
Pérez, P., Gangnet, M., Blake, A.: Poisson image editing. ACM Trans. Graph. 22(3), 313–318 (2003)
Smith, A.R., Blinn, J.F.: Blue screen matting. In: SIGGRAPH ’96: Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, pp. 259–268. ACM, New York (1996)
Sun, J., Jia, J., Tang, C.K., Shum, H.Y.: Poisson matting. In: SIGGRAPH ’04: ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 315–321. ACM, New York (2004)
Sunkavalli, K., Johnson, M.K., Matusik, W., Pfister, H.: Multi-scale image harmonization. ACM Trans. Graph. 29(4), 125:1–125:10 (2010) (Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH)
Szeliski, R.: Locally adapted hierarchical basis preconditioning. In: SIGGRAPH ’06: ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 1135–1143. ACM, New York (2006)
Wang, J., Cohen, M.F.: Simultaneous matting and compositing. In: ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Sketches, SIGGRAPH ’06. ACM, New York (2006)
Xie, Z.F., Shen, Y., Ma, L.Z., Chen, Z.H.: Seamless video composition using optimized mean-value cloning. Vis. Comput. 26(6–8), 1123–1134 (2010)
Zhang, Y., Tong, R.: Environment-sensitive cloning in images. Vis. Comput. 27(6–8), 739–748 (2011)
Acknowledgements
The work is supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Social Science Foundation of China (Project No. 12AZD118), RGC research grants (ref. 416311, 416212) and UGC direct grant for research (no. 2050485).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bie, X., Wang, W., Sun, H. et al. Intent-aware image cloning. Vis Comput 29, 599–608 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-013-0826-0
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-013-0826-0