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Multi-order visual phrase for scalable partial-duplicate visual search

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Abstract

Visual phrase considers multiple visual words and captures extra spatial clues among them. Thus, visual phrase shows better discriminative power than single visual word in image retrieval and matching. Not withstanding their success, existing visual phrases still show obvious shortcomings: (1) limited flexibility, i.e., visual phrases are considered for matching only if they contain the same number of visual words; (2) large quantization error and low repeatability, i.e., quantization errors in visual words are aggregated in visual word combinations and visual phrases, making them harder to be matched than single visual words. To avoid these issues, we propose multi-order visual phrase (MVP) which contains two complementary clues: center visual word quantized from the local descriptor of each image keypoint and the visual and spatial clues of multiple nearby keypoints. Two MVPs are flexibly matched by first matching their center visual words, then estimating a match confidence by checking the spatial and visual consistency of their neighbor keypoints. Therefore, center visual word matching equals to traditional visual word matching, but the neighbor spatial and visual clues checking significantly boosts the discriminative power. MVP does not scarify the repeatability of single visual word and is more robust to quantization error than existing visual phrases. We test our approach in three image retrieval tasks on UKbench, Oxford5K, and 1 million distractor images collected from Flickr. Comparisons with recent retrieval approaches and existing visual phrase features clearly demonstrate the competitive accuracy and significantly better efficiency of MVP.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part to Dr. Qi Tian by ARO grant W911NF-12-1-0057, Faculty Research Awards by NEC Laboratories of America, and 2012 UTSA START-R Research Award respectively. This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 61128007. This work was supported in part by National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program): 2012CB316400, in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China: 61025011 and 61332016.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA

    Shiliang Zhang & Qi Tian

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Qingming Huang

  3. Peking University, No. 5, Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China

    Wen Gao

  4. Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, 100080, China

    Yong Rui

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  1. Shiliang Zhang
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  2. Qi Tian
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  3. Qingming Huang
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  4. Wen Gao
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Correspondence to Qi Tian.

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Zhang, S., Tian, Q., Huang, Q. et al. Multi-order visual phrase for scalable partial-duplicate visual search. Multimedia Systems 21, 229–241 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00530-014-0369-x

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