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Ten years of laser-induced graphene: impact and future prospect on biomedical, healthcare, and wearable technology

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Abstract

Since its introduction in 2014, laser-induced graphene (LIG) from commercial polymers has been gaining interests in both academic and industrial sectors. This can be clearly seen from its mass adoption in various fields ranging from energy storage and sensing platforms to biomedical applications. LIG is a 3-dimensional, nanoporous graphene structure with highly tuneable electrical, physical, and chemical properties. LIG can be easily produced by single-step laser scribing at normal room temperature and pressure using easily accessible commercial level laser machines and materials. With the increasing demand for novel wearable devices for biomedical applications, LIG on flexible substrates can readily serve as a technological platform to be further developed for biomedical applications such as point-of-care (POC) testing and wearable devices for healthcare monitoring system. This review will provide a comprehensive grounding on LIG from its inception and fabrication mechanism to the characterization of its key functional properties. The exploration of biomedicals applications in the form of wearable and point-of-care devices will then be presented. Issue of health risk from accidental exposure to LIG will be covered. Then LIG-based wearable devices will be compared to devices of different materials. Finally, we discuss the implementation of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to wearable devices and explore and speculate on its potentials and challenges.

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Acknowledgements

Dr. David Apps, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, is thanked for his critical manuscript reading and language improvements.

Funding

The authors thank their institution and its kind sponsors from the industry and business section for general laboratory support, the VISTEC Postdoctoral Fellowship funding of Thana Thaweeskulchai and The Thailand Science Research and Innovation public funding agency, Grant No. 4368083, are acknowledged for funding through a grant within the Global Partnership Program.

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  1. School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wang Chan Valley, Rayong, 21210, Thailand

    Thana Thaweeskulchai, Kittiya Sakdaphetsiri & Albert Schulte

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  1. Thana Thaweeskulchai
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  2. Kittiya Sakdaphetsiri
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  3. Albert Schulte
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Conceptualization, literature search, original draft, review, and editing: T.T; literature search, original draft, and editing: K.S; funding, administration, and supervision: A.S.

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Correspondence to Thana Thaweeskulchai.

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Thaweeskulchai, T., Sakdaphetsiri, K. & Schulte, A. Ten years of laser-induced graphene: impact and future prospect on biomedical, healthcare, and wearable technology. Microchim Acta 191, 292 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-024-06350-z

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