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Semantically realizing discovery and composition for RESTful web services

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Abstract

The processes of service discovery and composition are crucial tasks in application development driven by Web Services. However, with RESTful Web Service replacing SOAP-based Web Service as the dominant service-providing approach, the research on service discovery and composition should also shift its focus from SOAP-based Web Service to RESTful Web Service. The unstructured, resource-oriented and unified interface characteristics of RESTful Web Service pose challenges to its discovery and composition process. In this work, a framework for implementing RESTful Web Service discovery and automatic composition based on semantic technology is proposed. Firstly, the framework uses the OpenAPI Specification (OAS), which is extended by resource attributes, as the RESTful Web Service description specification, and then supports semantic-based matching discovery and automatic composition by attaching the concepts of domain ontology to the extended OAS. Secondly, the framework is fully adapted to REST features and provides a method for building service composition dependencies during registration, which is used to generate composition schemes during the service discovery process. Finally, the framework provides a discovery method that can return RESTful Web services to the requester in the form of single-point services or service composition schemes according to the magnitude of the semantic similarity with the requester’s requirements. We applied the proposed methods to experiment with RESTful Web services in three different fields, and the results show that the methods effectively calculate the similarity between RESTful single-point Web services or composite Web services and service requests with the support of domain ontology.

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Notes

  1. https://swagger.io/specification/.

  2. https://rapidapi.com/hub.

  3. https://github.com/ESIPFed/sweet.

  4. https://www.dbpedia.org/.

  5. https://myfitnesspalapi.com/.

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Funding

This study was financially supported by the Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province (Grant No. 20220203175SF).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Communication Engineering, Jilin University, 5372 Nanhu Road, Changchun, 130012, China

    Haijun Gu, Yingyu Ma, Siqi Wang, Xincheng Chen & Weihua Su

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  1. Haijun Gu
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  2. Yingyu Ma
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  3. Siqi Wang
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  4. Xincheng Chen
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  5. Weihua Su
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Correspondence to Haijun Gu.

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Gu, H., Ma, Y., Wang, S. et al. Semantically realizing discovery and composition for RESTful web services. Computing 106, 2361–2387 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-024-01289-8

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